Learning and Memory Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

education and Memory training and shop are not unitary processes. Learning is the process by which new development is acquired fund is the process by which that knowledge is retained. Learning can be divided into two types 1)Explicit holding is the sensible acquisition of knowledge about people, places and things. It occurs in the highly certain vertebrate brain ,mainly in the diencephalic structure (1). 2) Implicit memory is the non conscious encyclopaedism of motor skills and other tasks. It does not depend on the temporal lobe, but involves the sensory, motor associated pathways in the expression of learning process. This type of memory can be studied in higher invertebrates whereas explicit learning is hardly studied in mammals (2). After reviewing the enormous amount of information pertaining to memory and learning, I decided to focus on two areas of bear on the actual mechanism of learning and the process of desegregation which relates to how something that is learne d is then(prenominal) stored as memory. The first area of interest involving learning has been elucidated by the idea of long term potentiation (LTP) in mammals and vertebrates and the second related area of consolidation has been elucidated by an invertebrate model of Aplysia. Long term potentiation can be defined as a long lasting increase in synaptic effectiveness which follows from high frequency of stimulation of afferent fibers. Although LTP occurs throughout the nervous system, its focus has mainly been in the hippocampus which is involved in the formation of certain memories (1). Furthermore, LTP has been found to occur in not only the mammalian brain but also in other vertebrates such(prenominal) as the goldfish, bullfrog, bird and lizard. Characteristics of L... ...ns needed for evolution. This shows that long term changes in two mammals and Aplysia are linked to gene induction which leads to synaptic growth (3,4). In conclusion, the structural changes implicated in l ong term memory are due to new protein and mRNA synthesis. These changes in transcription and shift can be initiated by repeated exposure to modulatory transmitters (5 HT) which mimic the effect of hormones and growth factors. Furthermore, through second messenger systems that regulate gene expression, modulatory transmitters utilize for learning can initiate synaptic growth. Internet Sourceshttp//oac.hsc.uth.tmc.edu/apstracts/1995/jn/April/8n.htmlhttp//oac.hsc.uth.tmc.edu/apstracts/1997/jn/ declination/353N.htmlhttp//oac.hsc.uth.tmc.edu/apstracts/1997/jn/February/45n.htmlhttp//oac.hsc.uth.tmc.edu/apstracts/1997/jn/December/320N.html