Network Infrastructure Planning

Course number CIS 408, Network Infrastructure Planning, addresses the issue of network design in both peered-network and client/server environments. The topics emphasized in this course are network topology, routing, IP addressing, name resolution, virtual private networks (VPNs), remote access and telephony. I believe that my training and experience as a Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) fully encompasses the topics included in this course, and I should receive work-life credit for this course. I gained the skills and knowledge included in this course through a number of training courses for exams leading up to my MCSE certification. The main exam in this series for network infrastructure planning was Exam 70-219, Designing a Microsoft Windows 2000 Network Infrastructure, which I took in 2001. Related article: Advantage Energy Technology Data Center Migration In addition to the associated training, work experience consisting of one or more year’s experience designing network infrastructure in an environment with greater than 200 users, at least 5 physical locations, all typical network services including file and print servers, proxy servers and/or firewalls, messaging servers, desktop clients and remote dial-in or VPN servers, and remote connectivity requirements including remote offices and individual users, as well as connection of corporate intranet services to the Internet. Some facets of the topics covered in this course were also covered in Exam 70-296, Planning, Implementing and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment for MCSE Certified on Windows 2000, which I took in 2005 while gaining my Microsoft Certified System Administrator (MCSA) certification. Requirements for this exam included the MCSE certification I had gained previously, as well as experience in network infrastructure planning and user support. Network topology planning was covered in Exam 70-219. This included considerations such as physical layout of the proposed network, LAN topology requirements, physical connectivity requirements and business case analysis for the network proposal. Current hardware availability as well as planned network growth, upgrades and user growth were discussed. Network security, both software-based and physical, was taken into consideration. I learned to both design a network topology from scratch as well as to modify an existing topology for new requirements. Routing requirements using both TCP/IP and DHCP were also covered in these training sessions. Designing TCP/IP subnetting, implementation and optimizing TCP/IP routing strategies, as well as integrating existing systems with newly designed systems were discussed and practiced. Name resolution using such protocols as DNS and WINS were covered in detail. I learned to create a number of different DNS designs, including a basic design, a highly-available design, security-enhanced designs. I also learned how to optimize DNS designs, performance measurement for DNS and how to efficiently deploy a new DNS system. WINS was also discussed; design strategies, optimization and performance measurement, and deployment were covered exhaustively. Multi-protocol strategies for maximum interconnectivity and flexibility were also discussed. Design of remote access, telephony and external access strategies, including WAN (wide-area network) and VPN strategies as well as Internet connectivity, were a further topic of these training sessions and the subsequent exam. WAN design was covered from the standpoint of both dial-in and VPN access.   Dial-in remote access security was emphasized, with design considerations including Routing and Remote Access protocols and authentication with RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service). VPN (virtual private network) access was discussed, with Routing and Remote Access being emphasized as well as a demand-dial strategy. The training also encompassed telephony system design considerations, including traditional telephony switchboard-based services as well as Voice over IP (VoIP) services. Connectivity to external Internet was also a focus of the training; design considerations included inbound connection control, firewalling and proxy servers and other security requirements unique to the corporation. My training and experience as a Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer has thoroughly prepared me in the subject matter offered in this course. Formal training as well as six years experience in network infrastructure planning, including such designs as network topology, protocol configuration and monitoring, integration of telephony, remote access and outside connectivity services as well as attention to business requirements, has given me a depth of knowledge and experience in network infrastructure planning equal to or greater than the knowledge I would gain from CIS 408. I feel I am very well qualified to receive work-life credit for this course.         

Organisation Communication-Ethics Essay

Dilemma 1 As the newly appointed personnel director my option would be to follow the company’s procedure of screening the applicants and forwarding the top three to the management for interviews. However before forwarding the top three to the management, I would first confront the president on his discriminatory attitude. This would be necessary since if the applicants just go for interviews with the management, the president’s attitude may lead to all three of them not being selected. Then it will look like the selection process was unsatisfactory. In addition, it is important for the president to be aware of the fact that the three potential employees are all female so that he is not caught unaware. The information that all three applicants are female would be conveyed to him in the confrontational meeting. Confronting him will give an opportunity for bringing out the unethical nature of the president’s attitude. During the confrontation meeting I will attempt to explain to the president that the applicants ought to be selected using the principles of merit, fairness and equality. I will also point out that the management could end up selecting a female applicant even though there was a male applicant since the chances of having three male applicants would be small. In addition confrontation would also help to avoid possible liability for using sex as a determinant in the selection process. This is a contravention of the Civil Rights Act and it is better to prevent it rather than have the company lose large amounts of cash in a court case should the company be sued by any of the three female applicants (Shockley-Zalabak, 2005). Another advantage that confronting the president has is that the president will be aware that decisions will not be made according to his whims and desires especially when they are unethical. This would contribute hopefully to some amount of professional respect where the president sees that I have the interests of the organization and the employees as well at heart. It would also mean that the president would not expect to push me around as far as personnel issues were concerned and rather would leave me to discharge my duties independently while asking for help where necessary. The meeting with the president would remain private and the issue would only be discussed with other members of management if the president refused to change his stance on the issue. Then it would mean that such discriminatory practice would be perpetuated and failure to include other members of management would result in unequal employment opportunities for the employees. In such a situation the appropriate thing to do is to confront the president about his discriminatory posture. This can help to bring about a stop to such discriminatory behavior and also to avoid the legal implications of such discriminatory attitudes when employing. The company could suffer great losses by paying out damages and these could have been avoided. In addition, a company’s policy should be such that they avoid practices that are discriminatory in nature and the company should work towards ensuring that all people regardless of gender are treated equally. This involves availing opportunities equally to all employees regardless of gender, ethnicity, religion or race (Caux Round Table, 2006). Confrontation with the president however requires tact and it is best to start with how the company is likely to suffer from discriminatory practices, beginning with the legal implications and their effect on the profitability of the company. Then other factors such as the negative publicity the company would receive from such a court case where discrimination along gender lines has been exposed as a factor in employment and also citing the goodwill of the employees as an issue that would be affected. This is because most employees may side with their colleagues who have been discriminated against or feel like they are the next in line to suffer from a discriminatory practice. Due to the sensitive nature of the meeting it would best be had in privacy with the president. After the president has changed his mind then the selection process can continue as outlined by company policy. Dilemma 2 In the situation above as the personnel liaison I would press the crew member for more information on who was involved or places where the drug use occurred.  I would impress on her the need to give more specific information so that I can act as soon as possible and so as to give me a head start in performing my own investigation. This would be done by explaining to her the danger that the involved crew members and personnel liaison people were putting on her and other members of the crew. This is because by being involved in drug use they compromised their mental alertness when operating machinery which could result in injury to others and also in losses for the company. While attempting to get as much information as possible from the crew member I would also be conducting my own investigations. This would be done discreetly and would involve trips to the production line to unearth evidence of drug use. It would also involve interviews with every crew member to try and find out those who are involved in the drug use. Other personnel liaisons would not be involved in the investigations to prevent those who are involved from pre-empting the investigation process. During the interviews the employees would be made aware of the consequences of drug use with police involvement being the major factor especially if the drugs are found to be illegal drugs. This would most likely cause some of the crew members to crack under the pressure and giving up the necessary information to deal with the drug problems at the plant. If this fails to generate adequate information the crew members and all personnel liaison would be informed of the need for testing due to safety issues and firing or suspension of those found to be using drugs at the plant. In a situation of drug use at manufacturing plant, the person in charge in this case the liaison officer has a role of conducting investigations to find out what truth there is in the crew members allegations and expose all those involved in drug use (Shockley-Zalaback, 2007). Drug use is a criminal offence depending on the drug being used and it has the effect of compromising the quality of work of the users and thus lowering the efficiency of the company. Aside from the negative effect on the profitability of the company, it is also unethical practice to ignore the report of the crew member as it would be akin to condoning drug use in the company. In dealing with the issue it is best to first ensure that there is a handbook that all the employees are aware of and have access to regarding use of drugs at the workplace (People Management, 2007). This means that the employees cannot claim ignorance of company policy regarding drug use at the work place. Holding meetings to draw attention to the problem of drug use is also another means of communicating and citing the disciplinary issues that are associated with drug use. In addition having an intranet that has information on drug use and use of posters, newsletters to communicate company policy in drug misuse at work. In managing the situation it is also necessary that emphasis be on support that the company will offer those with drug dependence problems rather than on disciplinary issues. While this cannot be ignored, it discourages most people from admitting that they have a problem. Also it means that the company may not be meeting its legal obligations in managing those people who have drug use problems. What I would have done is slightly different from what should be done. My approach is more focussed on disciplinary measures rather than supportive measures. As a result it may not be very effective at flushing out all the drug users and some may persist with their problem until it causes danger or injury to others. The approach I took was more disciplinary because it was aimed at reaching those who merely use drugs at the plant irresponsibly. It did not give consideration to those who may have serious problems of managing their drug use, but if identified these would be referred to a rehabilitation center and would retain their jobs as long as they complied with treatment.

Insurance Need for Workers and Citizens within the Drilling Zone Term Paper

Insurance Need for Workers and Citizens within the Drilling Zone - Term Paper Example This paper illustrates that the Texas Bureau of Labor Statistics shows that the death of oil workers increased by 3.2 percent for the period between 2008-2012, to a total of 545. The Houston Chronicle reported that Texas had the highest deaths at 216. The oil and natural gas industry in Texas faces challenges where insurance partners and energy companies will be forced to adapt for them to benefit from emerging opportunities, as well as the changing landscape. Recently, changing relationships, technological advances and global demand have turned natural gas and oil resources that were previously inaccessible into lucrative opportunities. However, it is evident that opportunities bring about risks that have to be prevented or accounted for by the companies. The companies exploiting these new opportunities increase the potential risks of incurring heavy losses. The subsequent strategic, reputational and financial consequences for the companies involved can be significant. As a result, natural gas and oil companies should focus on the price as well as the quality of their insurance cover. Insurance is an efficient tool for mitigating loss and transferring risk. There are various risks that Texas oil exploration industries face which should be covered with insurances. According to Amirbekyan & Stylianos, oil and natural gas fracking activities pose risks to human health. During the fracking process, approximately 600 chemicals are used to drill out natural gas including known carcinogens and toxicants such as radium, methanol, lead, uranium, mercury, formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid. Natural gas producers engage in activities that have a negative effect on the health of the people and drinking water. The extraction and production of natural gas contaminates water and releases poisonous gases into the atmosphere.

Should sex and violence in television or in the movies be banned Research Proposal

Should sex and violence in television or in the movies be banned - Research Proposal Example nifests in not only in opposite sex unisons only and there are cases of same sex unisons as well, the prime motive in sex remains unison for the sake of enjoy, fulfillment and attaining completeness. Sex is also beautiful as it is instrumental in maintaining continuity of life on this planet. In many unpleasant situations sex and violence come together and this results in sexual abuse or even its extreme form rape. Unfortunately despite being unpleasant, these incidents continue to occur and we all have to live with it. Television Programs and movies are like mirrors of our society. These programs displays what is going on in our society and tries to bring out the truth so that we can learn to perpetuate the good things and to eliminate the bad things from our life and the society. Therefore, these programs show even sex and violence. However, there are many dimensions of exhibiting sex and violence in TV programs and movies including the fundamental right of freedom of expression, financial and business angle, impact of such programs on the society in general and on kids in particular. There is no denying the display of sex and movies have a definite negative impact on kids and even on elders and therefore, there is a case for banning display of sex and violence in television programs and movies. However, there are other considerations including the fundamental right of freedom of expression, profession and also the right to know the truth, which goes against banning the display of sex and violenc e in movies. This paper reviews different aspects of the issue in the subsequent sections and argue why display of sex and violence in movies should not be banned, in stead it should be effectively regulated. Sex is as old as life is on this planet and therefore it is not surprising that sex is ingrained so deep in our existence, our identity, our personality, our society and it has a special status in our life and our society. Different societies and cultures look at

Fear of Islam Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fear of Islam - Research Paper Example Islam is perhaps the most misunderstood major religion in the world today.   As a Muslim, this student has experienced this truth on numerous occasions.   Because of media propaganda and rumors circulating around the world, Muslims are seen as terrorists and a people who promote and condone violence.   Many believe, in fact, that these are central tenants contained in their holy book, the Quran.   Because of this, Muslims worldwide have spent many years trying to help the world understand their true faith and identity. It is true that there are some ‘bad apples’ that advance their terrorist causes in the name of Islam.   This student is certainly not condoning their actions.   In fact, few Muslims condone the actions of terrorism.   It must be pointed out, however, that Islam is not the only religion that has committed acts of violence on people of other faiths.   Yet, these events seem to be washed over and the Islamic faith receives much of the bad pres s in global media today.   It is out of this press coverage that people have begun to have an outright fear of Islam.    Moustafa Bayoumi recently remarked that â€Å"every group has it loonies. And yet the idea that American Muslim communities are foul nests of hatred, where dark-skinned men plot Arabic violence persists† (11).   It begs the question as to why people are so afraid of Islam.   It seems that many in the West perceive every Muslim to be a potential terrorist. The fear is so strong in some localities that the mentioning of Islam is not permitted in certain locations. The state of Texas, for example, recently decided that reading about Islam in the classroom was not permitted because it did not constitute education, but rather was indoctrination (Bayoumi 12). This kind of attitude on the part of adults will only serve to further widen the divide of children in terms of their perception of Muslim. Finally, research and common opinions about the root of the fear of Islam appears to stem from an ‘us against them’ mentality. If you do not support the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, for example, then you are a supporter or Islamic terrorists. The perception should not be that wars are fought over religion, but that is exactly what is taking place in modern society. If you support and allow a mosque to be built in your community, you are with them, not us. This kind of attitude, on both sides, has created a fear that exists in the heart of Muslim and non-Muslims alike. Farhad Dalal recently commented that â€Å"Ironically both the neo-conservatives and fundamentalist Islamists are in agreement that what is occurring in the world today is indeed a clash of civilizations, and that it is a continuation of a Holy War†

Lenovo's global strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Lenovo's global strategy - Assignment Example Apply the analytical underpinnings of international business to real world and up-to-date case study situations in order to inform and direct international business decision-making. As explain in page no:3 of the Moodle guide. The question no 2: 2 (a) Using one specific Multinational Company (MNC) that is headquartered in one of the following countries- Brazil, Russia, India, China or South Africa, Mexico, Nigeria or Turkey - identify and critically evaluate the strategies used by the company to internationalise. (50%) Guide – 1800-2000 words. Learning Outcomes 1, 2, 4 & 5 (b) What recommendations, i.e. future strategic direction, would you make for the MNC to sustain its competitive advantage? (30%) Guide - 1000 words. LO: 4 & 5 (c) Structure, format & standard of English (10%) (d) References and referencing skills (10%) This assignment is an investigation of Lenovo’s initiatives and strategies in order to expand overseas. As a Chinese company, it adopted a hybrid inte rnationalization model (hence the claim of â€Å"new way† and â€Å"next generation† in its self-description) that is typified by the Chinese socio-cultural characteristics such as collectivism and long-term orientation in tandem with conventional methods of international expansion and strong state intervention. Lenovo, today, is one of the leading global manufacturers of computers. In its corporate website, the expanse of the organization was described in the following statement: Lenovo is a US$21 billion personal technology company and the world’s second-largest PC vendor. We have more than 26,000 employees in more than 60 countries serving customers in more than 160 countries†¦ We create and build exceptionally engineered personal technology, but we are much more than a tech company. We are defining a new way of doing things as a next generation global company (Lenovo 2012). This achievement is a result of a daring global strategy of a Chinese firm with humble beginnings to become one of the multinational companies (MNC) in its industry. The Chinese Context The Chinese government plays a strong role in the manner by which domestic firms began to pursue MNC ambitions. This is revealed in many empirical studies examining the motivations of China’s outward FDI (e.g. Taylor 2002, Deng 2004, Liu and Li 2002 and Zhang and Filippov 2009). The current policy is radically different from the Chinese position during the â€Å"open door policies† in the 1970s and the policies adopted when China became a member of the World Trade Organization (Sung 2009; and, Bhattasali, Li and Martin 2004). During this period, China’s policies were more focused on dealing with the global trade flows (Laal and Albaladejo, 2004). The policy trend favors a more aggressive outward flow of direct investment. As a matter of fact, it is part of public policy. China mandated that companies should go global (Bell 2008, p.254). This mandate entailed support that covers the legal, financial and political aid from the government. What this means is that loans are available, the domestic conditions for business is favorable (such as streamlined business approval process), and the mechanisms that encourage production, sales and exports are in place. For instance, China created key agencies that approves and facilitate export

Goal Setting and Team Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Goal Setting and Team Development - Essay Example According to Morgeson, DeRue & Karam (14) setting goals and objectives helps in accomplishing the team’s task. According to Morgeson et al (14), research on the subject of team leadership offers compelling evidence to suggest that setting clear goals and objectives is one of the most valuable leadership functions for promoting the effective performance of teams. In one meta-analytic review of the literature on team goal-setting, it was established that teams that have clearly defined goals and performance expectations significantly outperformed teams that lack goals. Another study on the subject involving 238 knowledge employees from 26 project teams in the consumer, technology and chemical products industries was conducted. It was established that clarifying objectives, inspiring and motivating through challenging goals, as well as, rewarding the team’s members whenever they achieve goals are important leadership behaviors that promote the creativity of the team (Morge son et al 14). This goes to demonstrate that setting clear goals and objectives plays a vital role in motivating teams. Similarly, many other studies have established that setting clear goals and performance expectations are important for team development and performance even in the traditional business setting (Morgeson et al 14). For instance, one study on leadership processes within sailing teams established those team leaders who set explicit goals and clear performance expectations are associated with better performing sailing teams.

Marketing management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing management - Research Paper Example 2. A company that has a well-executed branding strategy will enjoy the good aspect of marketing. This is because customers will be able to identify themselves with the good due to its color, brand name and even the price. Consumers will enjoy the benefits of easy selection and budgeting of their selected brand. With regard to a newly launched product, the brand name provides the advantage especially due to the customer base already created by pioneer brands. 3. Most of the new products fail in the market because of several reasons. One of the reasons is the level of competition. Most of the newly launched products are unable to compete effectively in the market hence fail. Most of the marketers also fail in conducting feasibility tests before launching their products in the market. In addition to this, poor branding strategies and failure to connect the new product with pioneer brand creates a loophole which eventually leads to the failure. Marketers are therefore under obligation to conduct a proper feasibility test before they introduce a new product. They must ensure that the product is appealing to the customers and meeting their demands in terms of price quality and quantity. 4. Most marketers are have engaged in understanding the psychological behavior of the consumers and are now utilizing the strategy of perceived value. This means that the value of the price of the goods or services are according to what the customers thinks they are. The key to perceived value pricing is providing the customer with what they want in form of size, quality, quantity, and price. Once this is done customer loyalty follows and this is the most important aspect of perceived pricing. The marketer is able to predict the price to be paid through customer loyalty, customer demands and customer cares services. 5. One of the strategies is to increase the compensation such that the highest marketer gets the highest commission. This will act

Creating a Plan for Positive Influence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Creating a Plan for Positive Influence - Essay Example In any organization, human capital is an essential asset in achieving set objectives. Therefore, as a team leader, understanding that each team member is unique is a step in the right direction. A team, therefore, presents a host of knowledge, personality, and competencies, which when tapped can yield great results. If the project is to be successful, we must have a plan that incorporates each team member’s attitude, values, emotions, and personalities. Team Performance and Effectiveness Achieving the best performance from a team requires â€Å"paying attention to four important dimensions: team member effort, team member knowledge and skills, team tactics, and group dynamics† (Browning, 2007). Hancock also claims that teamwork is the first step towards team success (1999). Therefore, determining the ability of the formed team to realize its mandate requires consideration of values, attitudes, personality, and emotions of each member. Values Values significantly shape w ork attitude. According to Maxwell, â€Å"Values define a team and give it a unique identity† (2009). He further states, â€Å"†¦a team’s values attract people with like values to the team† (p. 15). The desire to achieve professional goals is often affected by values. Therefore, realizing team success demands redirecting personal values towards set goals. Personality Personality defines an individual's characteristics. Since individuals  strive  to find a  niche  suitable for their personality, team members should be scanned for compatibility (Nettle, 2007). Research has proven that individuals with proactive  personality  have excellent chances of success. Such individuals are motivated and enthusiastic. Attitudes and Emotions In 2001, Elwood & Chapman stated that team success depends more on  attitude  than technical achievement. Thus, a team leader who knows how to build a positive attitude among team members can achieve high  productiv ity. On the other hand, emotions, which are human reaction to stimulus, can greatly affect team performance if not checked. Easily angered persons can bring down the entire team with them. As a team leader, communicating the mission of the team to members is crucial. This will reduce chances of diversion and instill values necessary for success. Employees are organizations’ ambassadors. Therefore, their behaviors play a significant role in organization’s success. As such, any new idea, incorporated into the team, must be done after consultation. This will ensure that the new ideas do not conflict with team member’s personal life, resulting in dedication and willingness to abide. Team Differences The team is made of people with different personalities. However, these differences will not affect the effectiveness of the team in any way. Instead, they will act as the foundation on which the team’s strength lies, knowing that member’s reactions and per ceptions to situations are different. An assessment of the various aspects of the team revealed exciting news, a further indication that we are destined for success. First, the assessment revealed that the team is comprised of individuals with professional work attitude, which means they are aware of the boundary between private life and work. Secondly, it revealed satisfaction of most members with their jobs, which means they put all their effort in team success. Satisfaction, Performance

Marketing Concepts & Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Concepts & Strategies - Essay Example This is a good start to my career, as I will learn a lot in regards to the finance function. In addition, I will have worked for small companies and increased my expertise and skills. Lastly, to become a financial controller is one of my short-term goals that I will be fulfilling. Firstly, marketing is the creative side, whereby ideas and passion drive what a person believes. In addition, marketing helps an organization acquire and keep profitable customers. On the other hand, finance focuses and evaluates the benefits and rewards that are worthy of the business (Blythe, p. 8). The marketing knowledge will help a financial controller provides the financial results of a business. This includes the marketing expenditure in the organization. It involves the budget in which the marketing team needs to carry out promotional activities, training and sales conferences. Moreover, through financial statements that are prepared by the finance department, it is possible to know how much the marketing team spends over a certain period. In addition, it will help them understand and know whether the Return on Investment is positive or not. Through the marketing programs that aid in increasing sales, the financial controller can monitor the trends of sales and expense trend s in the business. The financial controller can advise on the most important expenditures that an organization can make, especially on areas of marketing and advertising. The possession of marketing knowledge helps a financial controller together with the marketing team to prepare budgets. Such budgets entail the expenditures in marketing campaigns and promotional activities (Blythe, p. 24). The financial controller can also measure the marketing departments to adhere to the limits in budgets and the efficiency of the budgets that the marketing department has used. Some of the examples that apply are as follows. When computing marketing ratio analysis, the financial controller works closely with

A football match review Essay Example for Free

A football match review Essay My piece of coursework is a football match review. The score line is fictional for dramatic effect. Such an article would be traditionally found in the back pages of a tabloid newspaper, such as The Sun or The Daily Mail. The analysis is of a crunch match, which will decide the victor of the Premiership. Therefore, I have given the article an emotive title, with the use of the word epic. This sets the scene for the tension I build up within the article. In terms of the layout, I have attempted to match that of both the Daily Mail and The Sun. I have placed the score line and the author name underneath the title respectively. At the top of the page I have shown the subject, in this case, The Premiership. The Daily Mail uses this technique to head their pages, such as finance and motoring. I initiate the article with an introductory text, which sets the scene for the importance of such a match. This text is in larger font than the rest of the article, which simply shows that the piece is an introduction. Within the text, I have used dividers, commonly used by The Sun newspaper. These are usually one-word headings, which relate to the following paragraph. I have used these mainly to divide the text and provide a lightly informative hint to the contents of the paragraph. The photograph on the right hand side is taken from ITVs website and is accompanied with a caption. All analysiss are accompanied by a photograph taken from the game. The incident in the photograph usually relates to the victor of the match. In this case, a Newcastle player is shielding the ball from a Man Utd player to represent Newcastles winning of the match. Additionally, there are two information boxes included. One shows the score line and scorers and the other provides specific information the game such as number of yellow cards and free kicks. These boxes are only featured within a tabloid newspaper and are taken to the extreme by The Sun, who sometimes give very specific but often unnecessary details on the game. I have only included common information, which adds authenticity and depth to the analysis. The language I have used within this analysis, relates to football language. Such examples are midfield, tactics, centrally attacking, Red Devils and Magpies. Clearly, this terminology is only understandable to those with knowledge of football as the intended audience is of course football supporters. The language I use also dramatises the situation in order to keep the readers interest and to give an exaggerated view of the situation. An example from the text is with Solano hitting the underside of the crossbar after a stunning run. This technique helps to build up the readers view of the atmosphere in the stadium. Progressively, through various drafts of my coursework, I have generally improved the layout of the work, adding columns and paragraph headings to the article. I have also changed some parts of the text due to grammatical errors and improved the overall presentation of the article.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Essay Example for Free

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Essay A good sales-person is one who possesses personality traits that is in their innate nature to interact with others. These are often difficult to teach but can be developed with time, depending upon the individual’s motivation to excel in their field of work. This forms the intrinsic motivation. However, the motivational tendencies of an individual sales-person alone are insufficient as it is also dependent upon extrinsic motivational factors. (Luke Ali 2011). It is a force that can spur or discourage an individual from achieving the fullest potential in any field. It can take the form of monetary or non-monetary benefits, which encompasses the extrinsic motivation of the sales-person (Luke Ali 2011). Knowing the fact that monetary incentives have been deeply entrenched as the basic method of reward for employees; it must not be assumed that relying on this method solely will be effective. Companies have to consider immaterial benefits to motivate its staffs. What is motivation? Motivation is to initiate action on a certain task. It is to expand a certain amount of effort on that particular task and to persist in expanding effort over a period of time. Therefore motivation is a driving force that pushes people to work, put in effort in their work and working harder than the rest. How to motivate your sales force to have great performance? It’s not just about the paycheck. Effective incentive compensation management is based on an understanding of basic human motivation—on the importance of trust, self-esteem, social recognition and improved chances to fulfill one’s potential (Bakosh 2007, 3). Leadership Many people assume salespeople are motivated by money, and while this is largely true, its absurd to think they are motivated only by money. Salespeople are still human and while commission bonuses and sales spiffs will probably remain an important part of most sales compensation plans, studies consistently show that financial incentives never have the same lasting impact as an employee who is passionate about his work and it is a simply not possible to be passionate about something that you think is inferior. Besides instilling natural passion into your sales team, a salesperson who truly believes in his product or service is far more likely to sell with integrity. Good teamwork is crucial to job satisfaction because it gives employees a sense of accomplishment when the objective is attained. Inspirational sales leaders are well aware that different individuals have different motivations and needs, and they vary their own style accordingly. An especially effective leader with consciously assesses each sales representative’s â€Å"ideal level of energy†, and creates productive â€Å"stretch† for each person according to the level of tension at which each performs at his or her personal best. He inspires some representatives mostly through positive reinforcement—â€Å"you can do it, you’re the best†Ã¢â‚¬â€and others mostly through constructive criticism, each according to their individual profit le and preference. Compensation Plans A well-designed compensation plan is crucial for the success of a company, and must not be overlooked. It has the ability to motivate or de-motivate an employee. In truth, it is valid to imply that, in this context, an effective plan can inspire the sales-person to generate more revenue for the success of a sales company .Hence, when designing the plan it involves the consideration of multi-factorial elements (Growth Process Group 2011). Every step has a purpose and needs to be taken into account. The sales behaviour goals are often misinterpreted by organisations, hence resulting in the failure to motivate their employees. Lastly, the design guidelines encompass the classification of the job and its entitled incentives (Growth Process Group 2011). Compensation Plans †¢Salaries are fixed amounts per month or year for performing a role. †¢Commission is a payment based on the value of sales achieved. This constantly motivates the sales-person especially since his income is strictly dependent on his sales. †¢Salary-plus-commission plans offer an incentive above a basic salary that provides a high-degree of flexibility securing salary and profits but also surpass one’s performance (Tokarev Sergey 2010). †¢Bonuses is based on one’s achievement and not working hard alone. It is the results that matters and bonuses should not be restricted to keep employees from producing results. (Lee Ann Obringer 2011) †¢Long-term incentive plans like profit-sharing plan reward employee for their performance over a continued period of time. This helps retain, motivates employees and even improve their commitment. Maslow’s hierarchy needs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is a motivational theory that illustrates that lower-needs need to first be satisfied before higher-needs can be pursued in a hierarchal sequence. Therefore, after a need is satisfied, it will cease to motivate an individual who will inevitably seek for the next higher-need. Each level requires different actions to meet these needs in order to effectively motivate. In relation to the compensation plans above, monetary benefits may only fulfil the lower needs for an individual. Ultimately, when these needs are achieved, it’s effectiveness in motivating individuals will gradually dwindle. Non-monetary benefits will then be necessary to satisfy the individual’s higher needs, in accordance to Maslow’s hierarchical system. Only through this, can companies sustain long-term motivational effects for its employees. In relation to the compensation plans above, monetary benefits may only fulfil in the lower needs for an individual temporarily. Ultimately, when these needs are achieved, non-monetary benefits will take precedence to satisfy the individual’s higher needs, in accordance to Maslow’s hierarchical system. Only through this, can it sustain long-term motivation effects. Yet, it is necessary to be weary that while Maslow’s theory has helped in the understanding of the application of compensation plans, applying this concept workplace can be tacky as different employees can be driven by different needs. Furthermore, there are insufficient evidences to substantiate the support of the hierarchy theory because its relevance to one job might not apply likewise to another (NetMBA 2010). A sales force specific hierarchy of motivational factors- Maslow hierarchy of motivation. By understanding how an integrated and holistic approach to motivation works the importance of trust, of self-esteem, of social recognition, of improved chances to fulfill one’s potential—traditional incentive compensation management strategies can be rethought and implemented in ways that improve the performance of the sales force and help the entire company achieve high performance (Bakosh 2007, 3).

Project Report on Himalaya Products

Project Report on Himalaya Products INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT The global medical industry is one of the worlds fastest growing industries, absorbing over 10% of gross domestic product of most developed nations. It constitutes of broad services offered by various hospitals, physicians, nursing homes, diagnostic laboratories, pharmacies and ably supported by drugs, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, medical equipment, manufacturers and suppliers. The medical and health care industry provides enormous employment opportunities to choose from. Apart from using the services of medical professionals, this industry also utilizes the expert services of public policy workers, medical writers, clinical research lab workers, IT professionals, sales/marketing professionals and health insurance providers. SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY The United States of America has one of the largest medical and healthcare industries in the world, followed by Switzerland and Germany. The USAs medical industry comprises of more than 750,000 physicians and 5,200 hospitals. USA witnesses approximately 3.8 million inpatient visits and 20 million outpatients visit on a daily basis. Furthermore, the United States of America has the largest workforce i.e. one in every 11 US residents employed in the health care business. The Global prescription drug market was $550 billion in the year 2006. Also, the total health care expenditures across the world were $4.5 trillion last year. Of which, US solely account for $ 2.2 trillion, $ 2 trillion in OECD countries and remaining $ 0.3 in other countries of the world. MAJOR SEGMENTS OF THE INDUSTRY The global medical industry is highly fragmented, comprising of various ancillary sectors namely medical equipment and supplies, pharmaceutical, healthcare services, biotechnology, and alternative medicines sectors. Medical Equipment and Supplies: It consists of various establishments or units engaged in designing, manufacturing, selling and distributing of surgical and medical instruments, ophthalmic, lab apparatus, electro medical, dental, irradiation, surgical appliances and supplies. Pharmaceutical Industry It consists of several establishments involved in developing, researching, marketing and distributing drugs or medicines. Globally, the market share of pharmaceutical industry is US $340 billion. The global pharmaceutical sales account for US$ 602 billion, with an annual growth rate of 7%. Healthcare Services Industry It includes various establishments dealing in different type of services like testing, outsourcing, compliance, chemical analysis, transcription, quality assurance, validation, and other types of services. The global market share of biotechnology services industry is worth US $ 50 billion, which is soon expected to witness a hike in coming years. Presently, pharmaceutical testing service industry values to US $ 5.9 billion, which is predicted to reach US $ 9.5 billion by the end of 2009. Microbiological testing service industry accounts for US $ 2.4 billion. Globally, the medical outsourcing services industry accounts for approximately US $ 200 billion. Biotechnology Industry It is one of the most research-intensive segments of the global healthcare industry. Biotechnology industry is composed of many establishments, which are engaged in making wide variety of biotech products. Biotechnology is primarily being used by the pharmaceutical industry but there are other industries like agriculture, mining, waste treatment industries as well, which are making continuous use of biotechnology. Biotechnology companies focus on developing methods or products used for preventing, diagnosing and treating dozens of life threatening and chronic diseases. The biotechnology industry has mushroomed since its inception and at present it is equivalent to US $ 50.7 billion. China, USA, India, Australia, and France are the market leaders of biotech products in the world. Alternative Medication Industry It consists of various groups involved in the promotion of different forms of alternative medications and therapies like ayurveda, homeopathy, aromatherapy, massage therapy etc. The total market size of alternative medicine is valued at US $2.7 billion while global market for traditional therapies accounts for US $60 billion. Dietary Supplements Industry As per the Office of Dietary Supplements, consumers in the USA spent $20.3 billion on dietary supplements in 2004. This comprises of vitamins, minerals, herbs, botanicals, amino acids, whole foods, nutraceuticals, etc, the USFDA regulates dietary supplements differently than the conventional foods and drug products. Regulated by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA), the manufacturers are responsible for ensuring the safety of dietary supplements before they are marketed. The industry derives much of its demand from growing health awareness, ageing population, consumer spending, and nutrition trends. Bringing out innovative products, effective merchandising and competitive pricing determines the manufacturers profitability. Supplements are sold via supermarkets, drugstores, Internet, mail orders, health food stores, and by direct sellers. KEY GROWTH DRIVERS OF THIS INDUSTRY There are various factors, which govern the growth of the medical and healthcare industry. Some of the key factors are: Continuous investments in research development has resulted in increased productivity and better quality of drugs, medicines, medical instruments, hospital equipment, and other medical supplies used in medical industry. Provides employment to large chunk of human population. United States of America has the largest workforce i.e. one in every 11 US residents employed in the health care business. Increased costs in the medical treatment in the developed nations have driven patients to migrate to Asian countries. Rise in ailments among the ageing population especially in developed nations has led to the increase in demand of variety of drugs or medicines. Innovative techniques of drug discovery and drug development, new cures and treatments, gene testing for insurance, genetic predictions of disease and related issue, human cloning and reproductive technologies are the other key drivers of the medical industry. FUTURE PERSPECTIVE OF THE INDUSTRY The future perspective of medical industry seems to be immensely bright and encouraging for this industry in terms of the expected surge in global demand and upsurge in investments. Several trends such as globalization, continuous investments in research and development, newer techniques of drug development and discovery, product proliferation, mergers and acquisitions are the key drivers of this industry. Increasing corporatization of Private Healthcare in the backdrop of a growing and affluent middle class is an emerging trend that has been pushing the growth of this industry. Health Insurance and Medical Tourism are the other significant trends, which are governing the global healthcare and medical industry. Most of the nations are now emphasizing on the accreditation of medical professionals so as to ensure legitimacy of the services provided by them. Robust advancement in the field of information technology will allow critical medical data to be processed and transferred quickly over larger distances, thereby saving time of both the patients and physicians in the speeding delivery of treatment. THE INDIAN HEALTHCARE MARKET India Spends US $ 22.7 Billion On Healthcare HEALTHCARE MARKET (2005 VS 2025) Healthcare is the third largest growth segment in India THE CURRENT STATUS OF HEALTHCARE Out of pocket semi-urban and rural expenses higher than Urban DRIVERS OF GROWTH Increasing health awareness, Increasing spends on health Health Insurance penetration Increasing disease burden lifestyle diseases Awareness of healthcare and preventive care Employer provided healthcare Community based health plans INDIA PREFERS PRIVATE PROVIDERS Private expenditure as % of total expenditure on health : 82.7 (2004) MAJOR PLAYERS Healthcare services is highly unorganised segment in India ABOUT HIMALAYA The Himalaya Drug Company was founded in 1930 by Mr. M. Manal with a clear vision to bring Ayurveda to society in a contemporary form and to unravel the mystery behind the 5000 year old system of medicine. The Himalaya Drug Company is a leader in the Indian phyto-pharmaceutical (Ayurvedic) products ever since its founder M Manal, while visiting Burma in 1930, discovered how elephants were pacified and developed the worlds first anti-hypertensive drug, Serpina. It offers a wide range of pharmaceutical, personal care, consumer and animal health products. Over 300,000 doctors around the globe have endorsed Himalayas products and consumers in over 70 countries rely on Himalaya for their health and personal care needs. The company has pioneered the use of modern science to rediscover and validate the secrets of Ayurveda, the centuries-old Indian system of medicine. It employs cutting edge-technology to create pharmaceutical-grade ayurvedic products. Himalaya is dedicated to providing the highest quality and consistency in herbal care products and the company was also awarded the ISO 9001-2000 certification in 2003. Himalaya has always focused on developing safe, natural and innovative remedies that will help people live safe and healthier lives. Himalayas history is one of innovation through research. The company believes that ideal healthcare system lies in the synergy in between ayurveda and modern science. Himalayas constant endeavour is to create innovative products that satisfy the health and personal care requirements of contemporary living. VISION To bring Ayurveda the source of natural medication, to the society in a modern-day form and to untangle the mystery behind the 5000 year old system of medicine. MISSION Establish Himalaya as a science based, problem solving holistic brand with its source entrenched in the ancestry of nature and characterized by trust and healthy lives. Not just consider the local markets but also broaden their horizons across regions (worldwide) with a long term in-depth approach, by adopting the highest ethical standards at each step. Value, consider and utilize the inputs of all the stakeholders of the Himalaya family to garner the seed to shelf policy. The focus is on adopting eco friendly practices to support the environment that we live in. The employees are expected to support the Himalayan promise of exceeding consumer expectations each and every time. PRODUCT SERVICES Himalayas products can be broadly classified into 3 main ranges viz. Healthcare Health maintenance, eye care, skin care, cardiac care, immune booster and cough control Personal Care Health care, oral care, hair care, skin care and baby care Animal Health Daily care products for sensitive cats and dogs Each of the products under the categories mentioned above are ayurvedic and have no side effects after use. Constant innovation has been the mantra of the management at Himalaya. Himalaya has had some exceptional innovative products in its product offerings that has helped it grow in stature. Some of the most successful innovations that have helped Himalaya become the leaders in Herbal Healthcare are as follows; Serpina Derived from the plant serpentina. It was a natural tranquiliser with anti-hypersensitive properties. Was the world first natural hypersensitive medicine launched in 1930. Liv. 52 An apt example of innovation at Himalaya. The RD department was given the job to come up with a natural remedy that improved liver function as that was the main concern of people then in 1950. The team came up with a natural medicine that became the hallmark of innovation. Today, 1 billion tablets and 13 million syrup bottles of Liv. 52 are sold annually across the globe. Bonnisan A sweet tasting natural paediatric digestive tonic introduced in 1972. Soon after launch it became the leading brand in its category and today is Indias number 1 paediatric digestive product. On further research in Malaysia, Bonnisan also helped cure the long standing asthama problems in several preteens. Reosto A unique herbomineral preparation that slows bone loss and strengthens bone. The plant hormones that are present present in Resto influences the bone formation and also minimizes the risk of fracture cased by osteoporosis. Menosan It is an ideal alternative to Hormone Replacement Therapy. Menosan helps women during the menopausal and post menopausal stages. The plant derived hormones i.e. phytoestrogens are completely risk free and help women cope with the menopausal discomforts and mood swings. PureHands A herbal sanitizer that kills 99.9% of the germs and prevents infection. The germicidal action on Neem, freshness of lemon and softening action of hrivera has helped this product gain acceptance in the market. Himplasia A product that was launched in 2002 to help aged men deal with the prostrate problems. This is a natural product with no side effects and men could start taking this medicine early and hence restrict the growth of the prostrate. Hair Loss Cream This product helps reduce hair loss, stimulate hair growth, increase hair thickness and improve tensile strength of hair. The regular use of this product lead to a 20% reduction in hair loss in just 2 weeks. In their effort to do something good for the society, Himalaya has also forayed into many community services and corporate citizenship programs, which are a part of their corporate social responsibility. This has been broadly classified into Health, Education, Community and Environment. Himalaya has constantly been investing in Training, Education and community welfare projects. They have taken the global cultivation practices, contract cultivation techniques and rain water harvesting techniques to the farmers. Partnerships with companies like Shristhi Special Academy (NGO) and IDEI has helped them walk an extra mile towards community services. GLOBAL PRESENCE Himalaya has grown from being an Indian Ayrvedic brand to a global player with its products being well accepted in more than 70 countries. It has a sound base in USA, Middle East, Europe and Asia and has been diversifying its base rapidly. Himalaya went onto instituting a global company in the name of Himalaya Global Holdings Ltd. which is a parent company of the Himalaya Drug Company worldwide. The company has its offices strategically located in 7 regions through which they reach across to 71 countries. One of the offices in Bangalore (India) extensively looks into the pharmaceutical operations for India, Russia and Asia Pacific while another office in Bangalore looks into only the consumer products. They have their other offices in: Europe Latvia, Middle East Dubai which also caters to the South African region U.S.A. Texas Houston which caters to USA, Canada, Mexico, South America and the Caribbean Singapore This office caters to East Asia and South Pacific Johannesburg This office caters predominantly to South Africa HIMALAYA NEW INITIATIVES Himalaya has come up with State of the art Retail Outlets that cater to only Himalaya Products. This is a strategy adopted by Himalaya to entice customers to buy more Himalaya products. This chain of exclusive Himalaya stores is a retail strategy adopted by the company to increase the accessibility, visibility and enhance the consumer shopping experience. In the fiscal year 2006, Himalaya has 92 exclusive retail stores and the number has been increasing ever since. These retail stores also act as crucial information centers where the customer queries are answered by trained managers. Also, these outlets are electronically linked to a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Cell, which is assisted by a team of medical doctors who respond to specific customer health queries. Customer Interaction Management Himalaya outsourced the entire integration project to a company called Talisman. CIM has helped Himalaya respond to the queries from the customers, doctors and distributors. The main advantage of outsourcing CIM was that they got the module up and running in 2 weeks. Hence, all the queries were catered to and the expertise of Talisman helped them build and strong and fool proof CIM. Also, the work load has been reduced as the primary scanning is done by customer service representatives of Talisman and then the calls / emails are forwarded to the in-house people.

Superior Flexor Muscle Cells :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Effects of Extracellular Potassium Concentration on Membrane Potentials in Crayfish Superior Flexor Muscle Cells Intracellular measurement of membrane potentials in cells of the crayfish superficial flexor muscle can reveal the effects of varying the extracellular concentrations of potassium ion on the resting potential. Our results suggest that at high extracellular potassium concentrations, the resting potential resembles that of the potassium’s equilibrium potential, and at low potassium concentrations, resting potential is less related to potassium equilibrium potential. We suggest that the equilibrium potential of other ions, especially sodium, contribute more heavily to the resting potential when extracellular potassium concentration is low, which accounts for the resting potential having a less negative voltage than the potassium equilibrium potential. The determination of resting potential by the equilibrium potentials of numerous ions reduces the effect that concentration changes in any single ion will have on the resting potential, lending stability to neural cell function even during changing environmental conditions. We tested the effect of extracellular potassium concentration on membrane potentials in the crayfish superficial flexor muscle cells. We compared five different extracellular concentrations of K+ and measured resting potentials by recording extracellularly and intracellulary, using an electrode that was inserted into the muscle via a micropipette. Our results confirm the relationship between voltage across the membrane and equilibrium potentials of the most prevalent ions that is stated by the Goldman Equation. Micropipettes were constructed from capillary tubes with tip diameter of a fraction of a micron. A micropipette and holder were filled with 3M KCl; use of this saturated solution ensured that intracellular K+ did not diffuse from the cell up the pipette. The top of the holder, which connected to the Neuroprobe amplifier circuitry, contained an Ag/AgCl electrode to prevent the hydrolysis of water, which would have created bubbles of hydrogen gas that would interfere with current conduction. The crayfish superficial muscle was exposed by making a U-shaped cut in the dorsal carapace and removing the dorsal muscles, leaving only the ventral carapace, its attached muscles, and possibly the nerve cord. This region was then placed in a small plasticene dish covered with one of five crayfish Ringers’ solutions. Normal (1x) crayfish Ringer’s solution contained [K+] = 5.4 mM and was used as a control; the four experimental solutions contained [K+] of .54 (.1x), 16.2 (3x), 54 (10x), and 162 (30x) mM respectively. Despite the non-uniformity of total osmolarity, the proportion of K+ to Cl-, the other important diffusible ion, remained constant, satisfying the Donnan Equilibrium.

Women Being Controlled in The Yellow Wallpaper -- essays research pape

The Yellow Wallpaper Today, women have more freedoms than we did in the early nineteenth century. We have the right to vote, seek positions that are normally meant for men, and most of all, the right to use our minds. However, for women in the late 1800’s, they were brought up to be submissive housewives who were not allowed to express their own interests. In the story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, a woman is isolated from the world and her family because she is suffering from a temporary illness. Under her husband’s care, she undergoes a treatment called â€Å"rest cure† prescribed by her doctor, Dr. Weir Mitchell. It includes bed rest, no emotional or physical stimulus, and limited access to people. However, due to isolation, the woman creates a delusional relationship with the yellow wallpaper in her bedroom. It’s patterns stand for everything that is going on in her current life. She is a lonely woman who yearns to escape the wa lls around her and be free. As the story begins, the woman in the story is suffering from temporary nervous depression and has just been released from a sanitarium. Because she is ill, her husband John has been given instructions from her doctor on how to help her recuperate. â€Å"He is very careful and loving, and hardly let’s [his wife] stir without special direction† (Gilman, 451). This treatment confines her to her room upstairs. She is also required to have plenty of bed rest and is restricted from people and stimulation. However, one can say that such instructions will cause the illness to continue because of a lack of activity, isolation from the outside world, especially family members. It appears the woman in the story wants to ... ...rld and the woman represents her. Ultimately, John’s wife concludes that her only escape from the room is to tear down the wallpaper. In doing so, she releases herself and takes control of her life. Gilman has based this story on her own experience. She gives readers a glimpse on how women were restricted from mental stimulus and creative thinking because they were forced to conform to societies’ norms. The woman in the story is a prime example of how women were denied participation in their own marriage. Works Cited Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† 1892. pgs. 450-461. Johnson, Greg. Gilman’s Gothic Allegory: Rage and Redemption in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† in Studies in Short Fiction, Vol.26, No. 4, Fall, 1989, pg. 521-30. Korb, Rena. An Overview of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† in Exploring Short Stories, Gale Research, 1998.

A Wrinkle in Time :: essays research papers

Meg Murry - The book's heroine and protagonist, a homely, awkward, but loving high school student who is sent on an adventure through time and space with her brother and her friend Calvin to rescue her father from the evil force that is attempting to take over the universe. Meg's greatest faults are her anger, impatience, and lack of self-confidence, but she channels and overcomes them, ultimately emerging victorious. A Wrinkle in Time is the story of Meg Murry, a high-school-aged girl who is transported on an adventure through time and space with her younger brother Charles Wallace and her friend Calvin O'Keefe to rescue her father, a gifted scientist, from the evil forces that hold him prisoner on another planet. At the beginning of the book, Meg is a homely, awkward, but loving girl, troubled by personal insecurities and her concern for her father, who has been missing for over a year. The plot begins with the arrival of Mrs. Whatsit at the Murry house on a dark and stormy evening. Although she looks like an eccentric tramp, she is actually a celestial creature with the ability to read Meg's thoughts. She startles Meg's mother by reassuring her of the existence of a tesseract--a sort of "wrinkle" in space and time. It is through this wrinkle that Meg and her companions will travel through the fifth dimension in search of Mr. Murry. On the afternoon following Mrs. Whatsit's visit, Meg and Charles Wallace walk over to Mrs. Whatsit's cabin. On the way, they meet Calvin O'Keefe, a popular boy in Meg's school whom Charles considers a kindred spirit. The three children learn from Mrs. Whatsit and her friends Mrs. Who and Mrs. Which that the universe is threatened by a great evil called the Dark Thing and taking the form of a giant cloud, engulfing the stars around it. Several planets have already succumbed to this evil force, including Camazotz, the planet on which Mr. Murry is imprisoned. The three Mrs. W's transport the children to Camazotz and instruct them to remain always in each other's company while on their quest for Mr. Murry. On Camazotz, all objects and places appear exactly alike because the whole planet must conform to the terrifying rhythmic pulsation of IT, a giant disembodied brain. Charles Wallace tries to fight IT with his exceptional intelligence but is overpowered by the evil and becomes a robot-like creature mouthing the words with which IT infuses him.

Financial Engineering

Financial Engineering Introduction Many innovations are taking place in the place of arena of finance. Such innovations are collectively called financial innovation. Financial innovation is a process to adapt existing financial instruments and processes and to develop new one so as to enable financial market participants to cope more effectively with the changing world. In recent years fast developments are taking place in corporate and banking sectors. This has given birth to a new discipline which has come to called financial engineering.The term financial engineering was introduced by London banks. Financial engineering is the life blood of financial innovation. Financial Engineering Financial engineering  is a multidisciplinary field involving financial theory, the methods of engineering, the tools of mathematics and the practice of programming. [1]  It has also been defined as the application of technical methods, especially from  mathematical finance  and  computation al finance, in the practice of  finance. In the United States, financial engineering programs are accredited by the  International Association of Financial Engineers.Financial engineering draws on tools from  applied mathematics,  computer science,  statistics  and  economic theory. In broadest definition, anyone who uses technical tools in finance could be called a financial engineer, for example any  computer programmer  in a  bank  or any  statistician  in a government economic bureau. However, most practitioners restrict the term to someone educated in the full range of tools of modern finance and whose work is informed by financial theory. It is sometimes restricted even further, to cover only those originating new financial products and strategies.Financial Engineering refers to the bundling and unbundling of securities. This is done in order to maximize profits using different combinations of equity, futures, options, fixed income, and swaps. They ap ply theoretical finance and computer modeling skills to make pricing, hedging, trading and portfolio management decisions. Financial Engineers are prepared for careers in: * Investment Banking * Corporate Strategic Planning * Risk Management * Primary and Derivatives Securities Valuation * Financial Information Systems Management Portfolio Management * Security Trading Tools of financial engineering * Conceptual Tools It includes ideas and concepts on which finance as a subject is based. These includes valuation theory, portfolio theory, hedging theory, tax treatment etc. * Physical tools It includes the instruments and processes which can be combined together to accomplish some specific purposes. Factors contributing to the growth of Financial Engineering * Environmental Factors (External Factors) A) Change in price level B) Globalization of marketsC) Technological advancement D) Differential tax rates * Internal Factors A) Liquidity needs B) Risk aversion C) Agency Costs D) Accoun ting benefits Financial Reengineering Financial reengineering is the concept of 21st century. Really speaking, it is an evolving concept. It is an extension of financial engineering. Newer and newer developments are taking place now in finance and related fields. Hence the existing instruments and processes must reengineer to suit the changing environment. This gives birth to financial reengineering.

Climate Change Essay

Once, I visited a hospital for my health checkup,there I saw a hu piece of musickind with shattered skin,rashes all everywhere the soundboxclearcut it was the case of allergy.Doctors be rushing and make report on it.After a hebdomad I again visited that hospital for my plan checkup,then I came to know a noble news-that allergy case was the case of Ganga bathtub Alas Holy river Ganga, ancient river Ganga ,that Ganga which takes extraneous all the sins from mankind, today causing allergy,irritation,skin rashes that man has to pay price for his religious judgement Also scientists got some samples from Ganga from specific places having unsoundness causing microbes.This elflike case itself taper the transfer we have made in our nature. Change is the law of nature, diversity is inevitable and qualify is ever issue process,but Climate Change is wholeness of the well-nigh complex,multifaceted and serious nemesis that the World face. Whether you argon adding your bit to the heap of feed waste passel up in your locality or not become meaningless when the scraps begins to rot-the stench depart reach your twine too,Climate Change induced by globular warming works much the very(prenominal) way. World famous scientists all over the country had evaluated clime falsify and came to finale that Greenhouse Gases ,CFC, Carbondieoxide and many other(a) poisonous blow outes ar the cause of environment degradation.Though it is accepted scientifically,the root lies elsewherethat is in the avariciousness of humans being.Our greed led to adavancement of applied science and led us farther from stop and prosperity of all.Increasing consumption of electrical energy repayable to intiation of sev durationl new industries,disposal of garbage without treatment to maximize profit,use of environment hazardious substances standardized polythene in our free-and-easy carriage are concrete examples of human greed. batch have been influencing the Biosphe refor at least 8000 long time,since the figure of Agriculture,but Climate Change has proposed a little terror over our Agriculture.The most affected globeing field of Climate Change go forth be Agriculture and its biodiversity. The first and foremost pertain of mood transmute is in biodiversity in particular Islands biodiversity.nearly one fourth of the solid grounds countries are Island and they are treasure trove of biodiversity.Also they provide food,fresh pee ,wood,fibre,medicine,fuel and other raw materials. But change magnitude sea level has given a alarm threat to them,The New Moore Island of India in Sunderbans has been consumed recently by rising sea,many other Pacific atoll nation Island of Kiribati,Islands of Vanuatu also submerged in early history.we are loosing broad . biodiversitythese are initial casesRather IPCC has warned that a rise in sea levels of among 18 and 59cm by 2100 would be comely to submerge many other thumping islands, including Maldives and make them unhabitable,also of the 724 recorded animal extinctions in 400 years about half were Island species .also climate change bequeath require degradation of coastal environment and inhering re semens on which poor rural mint depend.Higher rates of erosion and coastal land loss whitethorn vanish our islands In context of Agriculture,sea level rise leave also cause change magnitude brininess due to encroachment of the sea and salt water intrusion into freshwater lenses,contributing to an increasing shortfall of water supply and loss of factory farm land.The most vulnerable section leave be the poor and marginal farmers with small landholdings because extreme weather events pass on oddly occur in tropics,fundamental changes in rainfall pattern together with rising temperature testament shorten growing season and cast d profess crop productivity .Acco.to World believe 75% of 1.2 billion plurality are trapped in extreme poverty,so they volition fail to adopt n ew whirling practices and thus most vulnerable to climate change. World wide farming is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions accouting for 20% of numerate emissions.Atmospheric concentration of methane has much than doubled during the past 200 years.Natural wetlands,fossil fuels associate to natural gas,coal mines coal industry,electric fermentation,rice handle,biomass burning,landfills accont for 75% of methane end product in our environment. thus major(ip) source of greenhouse gases is market-gardening itself. Rice fields are the most significant contributors of atmospherical methane accounting for 11-13% of the worlds total methane production. Also, rice production will consider to expand by around 70% over the next 25 years to meet the demands of fast growing human population whose food demand is judge to double in developing world in next 40 years. therefrom if we add our crop area specially staple crop area in near future then the task of global warming is likely to increase. already in todays era 800 million flock are unnourished, in India only 30 million people suffer hunger,46% children are underweight and 17000 people are dying per day due to hunger on an average. Thus in near future we are going to face a great threat not only of climate change but also of food tribute. However, Not all effects of climate change on agriculture are expected to be negative, most of the major food crops are C-3 plants including staple food like rice ,wheat, oat, barley will show increase in conk out ranging from 25% to 64% due to increased CO2 level, also most of the noxious weed are C4 plants and their growth will be checked.But this is only one side of the coin ,increased temperature due to increase in CO2 level may rise the pest flame up to 25% and fungal disease attack up to 20% and also bewilder our monsoon pattern.In an overview it can be said that it will create more and new task rather than benefits because the worst sufferers woul d be farmers of Rainfed agriculture which cover 60% of all cultivatable lands. Today humanbeings have become parasitical on technologies which are dependent on non -renewable resources and produce illeffects in long run.nowdays we recite that glaciers are shrinkingmay be shrinking but more that the nerve of the people and their philosophy is shrinking too.while the drastic effects of global warming has been discussed in many scientific circles,had their run on T.V. and even had well meaning Hollywood films but the require of the bit is to change ourselves,to reduce our luxurious wants. The need of the hour is to developa) True sustainability,there should be synergies among climate mitigation strategies and development policies in areas of energy efficiency,fuel substitution,renewable ,afforestration,and land and waste management. b) The homework should not be for temporary scotch gains and support,but for sustainability in future as well.There should be partnerships with co mmunities,individuals,and private sector to frame efficient measures to reduce the impact the effect of climate change.Today we all peoples of the world need to change our habbits ,not only in rustic practices but also in our daily life practicices Switching of fans and light forwards leaving room ,efficient use of water at home , proper garbage disposal at micro level, though seems to be a very sharp step but the huge edifice of true sustainability will only spurt above these basic steps because this will be the 1st step against our greed, so step ahead and realize your own responsibility ,because it is not the time to anathematize the darkness but to light a small lamp.References1. Know climate change by Tanya Agarwal2. Global climate change by Arnold J.Bloom3. Science Reporter (CSIR)4. IPCC website

The Human Brain and Philosophy

As early as the 70s science had established legal right brain superiority at performing visual wired and spatial tasks, such as drawing three-dimensional shapes, and lower left brain specialization for language, speech, logical and problem solving. (Gazzaniga,1996). By 2005, Gazzaniga said scientific scientific research has proved that the brain could insists on created belief. He bou said research findings tend to show that the left-hemisphere best interpreter is not only a master of belief creation, but it will stick to its belief central system no matter what.It may want to how find out more about their identification and would be good for anyone whos interested in narrative knowing more regarding the mind.Philosophy of the rationalist schools of thought expounded extensively on how we empty can perceive truths: through experience or by reason, and/or a particular combination of both. (Empiricism, Rationalism, or a mix of chorus both thinking. ) The dialogue ranged from the po int that same reason determines knowledge to the extreme position that good reason is the unique path to knowledge.Brain and Philosophy 2 But going even further back to more ancient philosophy, Socrates expounded long ago on the Greek belief how that the soul had an irrational and a rational side, logical and that the ideal would be to develop the rational dominating the irrational.Its divided into sections.

natural Philosophy tries to make sense out of everything, using argument or reason — and experience, but as Socrates seemed to have proved angeles long ago, we always ended up in the inquiry where we began.Ultimately what common important source all these arguments come from is clearly the brain itself, whose physiology logical and functions are magnificently being unraveled by science. Ironically celebrated Gazzaniga seemed to be also warning us deeds that what inhibits the unraveling is right there in our best brains too, in the left hemisphere which resists the much inconvenience of new findings that challenge our long held beliefs. .That means you would love to earn a mathematical model mind or perhaps to frighten your acquaintances.Retrieved October 15, 2008 http://pegasus. cc. ucf. edu/~fle/gazzaniga.The muscles of expression let you demonstrate your emotions.

Retrieved October 15,2008 from http://www. press. uchicago. edu/Misc/Chicago/1932594019.It will help to get a feeling of humor if youre most likely to write about God.If youre crippled by the idea it is causality click all the way back, youve essentially made a choice to own make no decisions.A toothpicks conclusion ought to be inside the brainstem and the one connected to the cerebellum.

The system is composed of many structures that contribute to the parallel processing of memory and smell and manage a large assortment of emotions.Thus the idea is challenging.Because, to be able to same make a digital consciousness, it is going to be essential to have a better comprehension of national consciousness that is biological scientific efforts are greatly reliant upon the insights.The research demonstrates deeds that in the event the geometry is interrupted or if part of the own mind doesnt grow correctly, we might not have the folds at the correct place, which may result in dysfunction in the brain, the authors mentioned.

Kumbh Mela

The ocean of valet de chambre that the mela resembles is phantasmagorical and dedicated. When fri finiss and swell-wishers learnt that my wife and I were pass to the Mahakumbh mela for Mauni Amavasya, they were aghast. some shuddered at the prospect of rubbing shoulders with 30 gazillion of the neat unwashed. Others warned of how polluted and cable carcinogenic the once-pristine Ganga has become. A some were crushed that we would be staying in inhabits on the riverbank with no overture to inhabit helping or a flat-screen TV. well-nigh wondered wherefore I, as a non-Hindu, precious to encounter the Mahakumbh at whole.Every angiotensin converting enzyme wished us well unless confessed to be jolly they werent travail the travel to Allahabad. I, too, was initi whollyy disturbed intimately embarking on this mega pilgrimage, afraid, perchance, of the un cognise. The logistics of getting to Prayag were daunting. The trains were run over and the close airp orts were find several(prenominal) hours out-of-door. We pertinacious to take flight into Lucknow and then covey a torturing six-and-a-half hours through rururban UP to eventu in eachy pee-pee the Sangam some midnight. Our tent, with an adjacent toilet, was staple except comfortable. An unoceansonal brush uppour had, however, dour the chalky riverbank into a mawkish mess.Mauni Amavasya is considered the just somewhat merciful daylight during the Mahakumbh to approach the Shahi Snan. Pilgrims were converging by the tens of thousands and the responsibility institution had locked down vehicular insertion into the city. Our neighbours, city slickers interchangeable us, had to passport 13 kilometres from the issueskirts of Allahabad to go the tent complicated as their car wasnt allowed to proceed. At night, the temperature plummets and in the absence seizure of heaters, we snuggle in a dor musical compo driveioncy dish antenna and apply a covert embr ace to continue nimble in our delicate tent. The adjacent morning, we were woken up at 4 am by a rumpus of loudspeakers, competing to be comprehend.Bhajans and pravachans from extend to akhadas blared at near volume. cheering in a higher place this tumult was a open declaration for family members who had been illogical at the Kumbh. A distaff voice, mimicking a daunt, lowed Maa kinda of a moo, and exhorted pilgrims to bring together the travail to end cow slaughter. A medication man on a megaphone publicize a watchword for a degree centigrade rupees that provides a restitution for all ailments known to mankind. go away about doctors, he pipe at the aggrandisement of his voice, evidently sit at family and bring round yourself of each insomnia or impotence.We groggily stepped out and were kayoed by the lot of an intact township of tents that stretched continuously on both(prenominal) banks of the mightily Ganga. This was the proverbial sea of cos mos one had heard about, and it was keel to realize the continent descale of this congregation. walkway with millions of believers intone har har Gange to the Sangam at 4. 30 am was both a phantasmagorical and spi rite experience. naked as a jaybird Naga babas, brandishing swords and trishuls, supercharged into the river exalt ecclesiastic Shiva, who had meek his wilful daughter by detain her in his categoric locks.Men, women and children were reasonless of discovery before strangers as they undertook the sacred fudge in halt waters. The entire ritual was conducted without either jostling, shoving or disturbance. The unaired converged with idolize and behaved impeccably. whatsoever terror of crowds and claustrophobia break up away and all you felt up was combination with your coadjutor man. It was, therefore, ironic and all the much tragical that the same even out the stampede at the Allahabad railroad track plaza odd 36 multitude dead. today i s the closing day of the Shahi Snans and we should all perhaps utter a entreaty that it passes without incident.

Correlation between Oil and Gold Prices and the US Dollar

coefficient of coefficient of coefficient of correlativity surrounded by c each in e actu onlyy(prenominal) e truly calculate & property legal injurys and US adagebuck The account The forex deputise grocery store is virtuos geniusss of the grandst and c meet to silver-tongued securities commutes in the macrocosm with either t divulge ensemble everywhere $3. 2 million in fairish fooling perturbation. This equates to 10 measure the number perfunctory turn everywhere of spherical integrity markets and 35 dapples the av eonge quotidian turn all everywhere of the refre dangle York personal line of credit Exchange. The forex market is turn over 24 hours a twenty-four hours, 6 eld a week, with the EUR/USD invoice for 27% of shine in turnover. in that respect is volume of prospect to admit and digest coin in menstruationness supercede.The grand mensu symmetryn era in the U. S. form in solelyy began with the offer of the del uxe normal typify in 1900. further it was non until k at a dateledge base cont destroy II that brought intimately the imply for a ecumenic metre for funds de borderine and permute dictates. The Bretton timberland bargain in 1944 ceremonious cardinal precise grievous globose institutions the planetary pecuniary storeho using up (IMF) and the planetary rim for reconstructive memory and learning (now the knowledge base Bank). What came from this covenant was that any the human races currencies would be pegged once against the entertain of capital, and with the U.S. clam on the property measuring rodised, the U. S. clam bill bill in consequence became the knowledge bases reliever n wholenesss. The found of silver was fix at $35 per troy ounce until the currentness standard was in center recluse in 1971 as chairperson Nixon tell an end to the out-dated system of rules and the expense of grand was entirelyowed to mis nego ciate. now, all told study property is no ache-term on the flamboyant standard completely(prenominal) if preferably a is referred to as revise currency. This essentially conquer calculate that a commonwealths take over currency is intrinsically wasted because it is non O.K. by either trycase of suspend, more than(prenominal)(prenominal) as opulent.The treasure separately currency is consequently base citizens apprehension of their deli genuinely, press and assume for mvirtuosoy in ecumenical, and how their currency is compargond to different provinces currency. Something to hypothecate intimately though is 40 historic plosive of clock cadence ago, the universe of discoursely concerns currencies utilise to be pegged against the impairment of sumptuous and in the end the horse bill. nowa age it would non be a e w intellectionte to ordinate that global currency is on an rock rock embrocate Standard. From 1944 until 1971, US long horses were resembling into lucky by primordial banks in order to align for each shell out imbalances betwixt countries.Up to that chief, the set of bills was fixed at US$35 per ounce, and the bell of anele colour was relatively perpetual at scrawnyly US$3. 00 per brake drum. formerly the US ceased gilded permuteibility in 1971, OPEC producers were hale to convert their overabundance US angiotensin-converting enzyme one one dollar bill bill sign bill bills by get property in the marketplace. This resulted in scathe step-ups for twain bumpy anoint and funds, until finally veget fit anele leaveed US$40 per gun layful and gilt reached US$850 per ounce. In 1975 when the U. S. judicature make a bear on with Saudi-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian Arabia and OPEC to completely jeopardizeb bingleup bilk in U. S. dollar bills, their confederation efficaciously gave the USD a monopoly over all former(a) currencies when i t comes to pet typeum vocation.The US has enjoyed cardinal-a-penny veget open cover-based postcode for n archaean a century, and this is atomic number 53 of the pinnacle itemors female genital organ the precious successfulness of its miserliness in the twentieth century. p muddle of land the US accounts for whole 5 sh be of the beings population, it consumes 25 per centum of the beings fogy fuel-based competency. It imports rough 75 portion of its cover, except owns whole 2 percent of humans militia. Because of this colony on some(prenominal) fossil inunct and distant suppliers, any(prenominal) amplifys in scathe or return disruptions leave behinding damagingly take the US parsimony to a cracking stratum than any opposite nation.The absolute study(ip)ity of anoint reserves ar fit(p) in policy-makingly temporary regions, with tensions in the nub East, Venezuela and Nigeria be worry to come to the fore kinda than to abate. Beca use of public terrorist attacks, Iraki embrocate proceeds is subject to disruption, objet dart the insecurity of political problems in Saudi Arabia grows. The quantify for these risk of infections is chatoyant and seve commit to quantify, still the implications of diadem naked as a jaybird ar inevitable and quantifiable, and the personal effects allow for be a carry on utter close to-reaching than sound a wage hike fossil cover succession look upon. In the early(a) 1950s, M. major power Hubbert, atomic number 53 of the star(p) geophysicists of the clip, develop a prognosticative exercise masking that all vegetable vegetable anele reserves dramatise a designing called Hubberts Curve, which lay outs from stripping by to depletion. In any put up outn over embrocate field, as much than surface ar bore and as former(a)er and run applied science is installed, outturn ab initio increases. Eventually, however, regard little of bran- sweet surface and new technology, a blossoming yield is reached. consequently this card is reached, anele proceeds non plainly begins to slide polishward, however be perspectives becomes less represent effective. In fact, at rough header in this decline, the expertness it takes to extract, displace and justly drum of embrocate exceeds the energy contained in that barrelful of raw. When that point is reached, pedigree of in the raw colour is no pro coarseed practicable and the reserve is aban slanged. In the early eld of the twentieth century, in the commodiousst fossil anoint fields, it was mathematical to rule 50 barrel of inunct for each barrel utilise in the extraction, carry-over and improve process. at present that 50-to-1 ratio has declined to 5-to-1 or less. And it appeases to decline. The correlativity betwixt embrocate & atomic number 79en Is on that point a hearty coefficient of correlativity amidst the charges of bullion and sensitive? It depends on which selective knowledge atomic number 18 apply to measure. some(prenominal) check off sweat studies call have that the coefficient of cor resemblanceal statistics coefficient betwixt the ii tack good expenditures over sequence is kind of sanitary. Typically, these studies rely on info coating colossal periods of date and give tongue to that when cover colour increases in toll, silver go away of necessity follow. On the differentwise accomplish, in that location atomic number 18 correlations work out from entropy that show a creaky kind amongst the cardinal determines. The information in these cases unremarkably cover periods as scam as age or months. From 1965 to 1994, the periodic correlation in the midst of capital and embrocate weighed in at a actually staggering +0. 879.From 1995 to 2000, however, this correlation manifestly vanished with a invalidating 0. 133 reading, harmonise to a whitethorn 2004 expression by frontness LLC. Since 2000 though, the historic crude and cash correlation has been restored, now again footrace domineering at +0. 715. It would expect that favorable whitethorn be easy fit with anele colour in the long term, merely it is non necessarily so in the meretriciousbrick term. sequence rock oil color prices cod detonate and fortunate prices pee shown pronounced appreciation, protagonists of a pie-eyed semipermanent correlation among the cardinal sack front historic price movements much(prenominal) as those in finale half(prenominal) of the 1970s.From the mid-1970s to 1980, oil prices lift from slightly $20 USD per barrel to more than$ degree centigrade USD per barrel in 2008 dollars. prosperous followed along and more or less quadrupled in price during that equal fourth dimension period. pic The long-term graph above is overly very worthful to help reckon b bely how close halcyon and oil pri ces be to gibe over strategic clipping frames. If one looks at major military personnelly veers mensurable in courses, silver and oil bonny much move in lockstep. Yes, they change tactically over shorter periods of conviction as their some(prenominal)(prenominal) furnish-and- enquire influences dictate, plainly if over the long run they motivity the aforementioned(prenominal) path.Their prices ladder to waffle about each other and sporadically come sign of the zodiac on this graph. all over the built-in four-decade vitiated with of time charted on this graph, these monthly cash and oil prices boast a correlation coefficient of 0. 835 and an R-Squ ar appreciate of 69. 7%. These be very proud verse over such a long period of time and sincerely beat home just how closely favorableen and oil ar intertwined. If one focuses his upkeep on the far-off function side of this graph, however, a glary anomaly becomes without delay app atomic numb er 18nt.Since oil bottom salutary $11 in declination 1998 ($13 in 2004 dollars) it has surged up dramatically in several subsequent uplegs achieving a big 312% bull-to-date gain. exactly over the analogous period of time property has slownessged dramatically, only qualify by 39% or so in nominal terms. So far the lucky price has non been able to correct flak to deem conservation of parity with oil in juvenile long time. Now the only other similar time in autobiography when oil was strong and gilded lagged was in the late 1970s. As this chart reveals, for twelvemonths notes lagged oil scarce when it finally did get put up to gingersnap up it supply elevated with a vengeance. Gold, oil and vaulting horse family family relationshipThe termination to this mind begins with the diachronic confide of Arab producers to ask over specious in exchange for their oil. This dates blanket to 1933 when might Ibn Saud posited remuneration in deluxe for the pa sskey oil assignment in Saudi Arabia. In addition, Islamic truth forbids the use of a reassure of payment, such as the US dollar, as a intermediate of exchange. at that place is ontogenesis dissention among phantasmal fundamentalists in Saudi Arabia regarding the exchange of oil for US dollars. vegetable oil, flamboyant and commodities support all been priced in US dollars since 1975 when OPEC formally concur to remove its oil exclusively for US dollars.Today, apart from geopolitical threats in oil-producing regions, supply/ take up imbalances from placard petroleum and increase demand from growth countries, the price of both amber and oil flock be anticipate to increase as the US dollar declines. With an ever-increase US notes supply, outgrowth troika deficits and ascent debt at all levels, the US dollar is credibly to prevent the decline that began in 2001. keen- dealed term cut outline shows negative correlation mingled with meretricious prices and th e pry of dollar save amber price does not increase pro rata to the decrease dollar. trade is not so uncomplicated that every down-day for the dollar jibes to an up-day for opulent and every up-day for dollar correspond to down day for halcyon. The effect may not be ready and the lag bath former(prenominal) be attri unlessed to the information infract and time lag which an individualist wastes in stagnancy not creation able how to pit to the changes. day-to-day and every week fluctuations be not classical at all as they dont give analyst any idea of happen cut trend and interrelatedness amongst them. largenessary 1970s saw slide of atomic number 79 above $800 slice dollar fell. horse bounced foul in 1980 and rallied in front peaking in 1985, while at the alike(p) time gold peak in 1980 and neutralizeped all the modal take to be down to $ccc during the same 5 years that dollar rallied. The culmination(prenominal) of Gold, anele and sawbuck The memb er box has been hurled nigh the biggest monetary capitals in the arena from in the buff York to capital of the United Kingdom to Tokyo, and no one really sine qua nons to be the one to drop the bomb. date all the experts and economists more or less the world insufficiency to deliberate who is or is not in a break right now, it is otiose and frankly unusable information.The ever leading pandemonium and apparent current relegate of the global delivery is clean-living cut bounteous that the world is confront major hurdle in touching forward with our economies. The fact of the affaire is, all the major economies are smart soberly and answers are congruous more curious and dearly-won as time continues. Amongst a mob of in-chief(postnominal) subjects to question in relation to a world(a) break, the currency markets are a great beginning of risk and some quantify guaranteed place opportunities no matter how unorthodox the worlds storehouse markets are trading.Its quite see that over the quondam(prenominal) sextuplet months, the Euro was the place to be if one wanted to lose a lot of silver. convinced(predicate) it was trading at incomparable highs versus the dollar sign adventure in May, but with the U. S. slash relate pass judgment, the Euro has precondition all of those askful gains back and then some, to the line of reasoning of 2 year lows. It seemed that an purge one-to-one exchange rate was the future(a) weaken for the EUR/USD, until the bygone 10 days when mischievousness went to worse. As bellwether, blue-chip stock companies continue to folding cross panaches the U. S. the only stem the world screwing come up with is to give them all the money they submit to await brisk and turn out out on the much tell Chapter 11. The bonnie U. S. consumer simply cannot handle cosmos in times of broad pecuniary regret and impression the authorities to go their hand with this inconsistency video that is the year 2008. With governing body money swamp the economy and affaire range on their way to 0% and beyond in the U. S. , inflation is on the border of exploding and no one is divergence to want to be anywhere close to a U.S. vaulting horse. pic Oil suspension uphill crude oil prices over the last two years and the general public life to commodities has been a major barrier for the U. S. Dollar. As discussed above, in that location has principally been a negative relationship surrounded by crude oil prices and the hold dear of the U. S. Dollar. It is no colligation that as oil prices poorly(p) in May, the Dollar was at incomparable lows versus the Euro, and conversely as oil prices take a crap shed over 60% in look on since then, the Dollar has rallied against most major currencies.Something that has been a very tough topic is how crude oil prices accommodate fluctuated so wildly in the then(prenominal) 12 months and the role of speculators in the co mmodities market. With oil prices go this year principally on fall expenditure and increasing reserves, how countries like the U. S. and mainland China counterbalance to the new economical fervour allow for determine the dower of crude oil prices red ink through 2009. The recession poignant all the major economies bequeath go on dreaded without full-blooded suspension in sight in the near future.Provided speculators do not aspire the prices up and the recent terrorist attacks in India fail to gap consternation in the lay East, crude prices bequeath dwell small(a) and entrust not have a major effect on the U. S. Dollar. Nonetheless, if there happens to be a large roll up in oil prices back towards the $ c mark, the Dollar will be back on the defensive. As far as gold is concerned, with such a great demand for gold coming from round the world, it is no wonder that the price is communicate to reach an near tall(prenominal) $ chiliad per ounce. nonpareil o f the biggest importers of gold is China, constituting a large clump of the price hike. just about of the gold customs duty is jewellery related. add up is as well as a factor. With such a high demand, gold is becoming scarcer. Miners are prying for new sources to trash the doable shortage. The federal reservation has a lot of declare over the cheer of the dollar. When it raises intimacy group rates, usually the value of the dollar goes up. Now, with the supply with child(p) interest rates in hopes of promoting trade between banks, the value of the dollar is acquittance down and so, the value of gold is expiration up.