Support Children and Young People with Disabilities and...

Outline the legal entitlements of disabled children and young people and those with special educational needs. Anyone providing services for children with special needs – health, education or social service departments, as well as voluntary organisations – must act within the legal framework. Legislation can change at any time and all health, education and social care practitioners, also Early Years workers, should be alert to new Acts and Regulations. There have been many changes to legislation in the UK over recent years which have affected this and a gradual increase in entitlements for these pupils. The table below has a brief outline of the legal entitlements of disabled children and young people and those with special†¦show more content†¦Children’s Rights, Empowerment and Advocacy This takes action to ensure children and their families know what their rights are and how to put this entitlement into practice. Children are empowered to secure their rights and make their voice heard. Young children can be represented by an advocate to speak and interpret on their behalf. Education (Handicapped Children) Act 1970 This Act transferred the responsibility of children with special educational needs looked after by the health service to the local authority and as a result many special schools were built. Education Act 1993 This act required the code of practice be introduced for guidance on identification and provision of special educational needs. The role of the SENCO was introduced in schools and parents were able to challenge local authorities about providing for pupils with SEN. Every Child Matters (2004) This aims is to ensure that every child has the chance to fulfil their potential by reducing levels of educational failure, ill health, substance misuse, teenage pregnancy, abuse and neglect, crime and anti-social behaviour among children and young people. The five outcomes which mattered most to children and young people were: ââ€"  being healthy ââ€"  staying safe ââ€"  enjoying and achieving ââ€"  making a positive contribution ââ€"  economic well-being 1.2 Describe the assessment and intervention frameworks for disabledShow MoreRelatedSupport Children and Young People with Disabilities and Special Educational Needs.1846 Words   |  8 PagesNVQ Support Teaching and Learning In Schools Level 2 Trainee : Chris Gerry Trenance Learning Academy Newquay Unit TDA 2.15 – Support children and young people with disabilities and special educational needs. 1.1 – Outline the legal requirements of disabled children and young people and those with special educational needs. Most schools and academies now have written policies and parts of their mission statements specifically made for the inclusion and equality of SEN children. TheyRead MoreThe Mental Disabilities Include Autism, Down Syndrome And1348 Words   |  6 PagesThe mental disabilities include autism, Down syndrome and many more. They need support from their parents, guardians, teachers, the government, and anyone else is taking part in their day-to-day lives. Such children need attention so that they do not miss on the important parts of their lives. This study aims to look at the people involved in their lives and the roles and responsibilities they play. For those children and young people who researchers identify as having such needs, will be hard toRead MoreTda 2.4 Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children and Young People1458 Words   |  6 Pagesin work with children and young people The current legislative framework protecting the equal rights of all children and young people are stated in the United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). These rights are extensive, including the right to education and the right for children and young people to have their views respected. The Children Act 1989 sets out the duty of local authorities to provide services according to the needs of all children and young people. Every ChildRead MoreLife Long Learning for Students with Disabilities Essay example639 Words   |  3 PagesProviding services for young students with disabilities is not negotiable. This is because, these young learners requires special care and services in their day to day activities. Developmental disability has become a common diagnosis in children these days. This disability starts during a child’s development period and may last for a life time. Special educational programs are available for children with development disabilities. The diagnosis of developmental disabilities can be done at an earlyRead MoreIdentify the Current Legislation and Codes of Practice to the Promotion of Equality and Valuing of Diversity.1402 Words   |  6 Pagesguidelines and procedures for ensuring equality. These policies must take account the rights of all children and young people. The policies in place work to ensure equality and inclusion; this can be conducted through the teaching and learning that occurs in the setting. However, the policies must also pay regard to the values and practice which are part of all aspects of school life. All work with children should be underpinned by the principles and values as stated in the National Occupational StandardsRead MoreSpecial Educational Needs And Disability887 Words   |  4 Pages(SEND) stands for Special Educational Needs and Disability. QUOTE A learner’s needs may be too complex for a class teacher to fully cater provide for. It is possible that more support and even specialist help maybe needed for example speech and language therapy. â€Å"This is usually when a child is described as having ‘special needs†. (Somerville Primary School, 2016). It is true that having SEND can affect a learner’s capacity to learn. A Send learner may show inappropriate behaviour, find it hardRead MoreNew Send Code Of Practice And How It Affects Schools And Teaching Practices1295 Words   |  6 Pagesthe new legislation that the government had put into place last year. The key piece of legislation is The Children and Families Act 2014. †¢ The SEND Code of Practice is part of the wider plan to improve outcomes for disadvantaged children. †¢ Feb 2011 – the DfE published its Green Paper titled ‘Support and Aspiration’ a new approach to special needs and disability. †¢ March 2014 – Children and Families Bill received Royal Assent. †¢ 22nd April 2014 – The statute came into force †¢ June 2014 – FinalRead MoreEquality Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children and Young People956 Words   |  4 PagesEquality diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people: Alison Brooks Assessment of how own attitude values and behaviour could impact on work with young people and children. 2.3 All those working in the school have a legal duty to protect the rights of children and young people. It is important that you examine your own attitudes and values critically; to consider how these may impact on the way you work with children Rigid and divisive views from adults can be reflectedRead MoreEquality Diversity Inclusion1538 Words   |  7 Pages1.1 Explain what is meant by. Equality Equality is treating people fairly and making sure that everyone is given a fair chance and that their individual needs are met. It’s about giving all sections of the community equal access to employment, education and other services that are provided whilst valuing and respecting them. Recognising that different sections of the community require specific measures to make sure they receive equality. Recognising how and why some groups are underrepresentedRead MoreDiscrimination and Special Educational Needs Essay848 Words   |  4 PagesReform Act 1988 Introduced a national curriculum for all children, including those with special needs. Encouraged tendency towards in-class additional support rather than special classes for those with special educational needs. Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Outlaws discrimination on the grounds of gender or marital status in employment, education, transport and the provision of goods and services. Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 Amended parts of the DDA (to include education Support Children and Young People with Disabilities and... NVQ Support Teaching and Learning In Schools Level 2 Trainee : Chris Gerry Trenance Learning Academy Newquay Unit TDA 2.15 – Support children and young people with disabilities and special educational needs. 1.1 – Outline the legal requirements of disabled children and young people and those with special educational needs. Most schools and academies now have written policies and parts of their mission statements specifically made for the inclusion and equality of SEN children. They must be in written form and should also be posted on the website for access to all who require it. There should also be policies which show the rights and responsibilities of those within the environment. The policies may be a number of†¦show more content†¦Knowledge and understanding of the way the world works: Using materials around us to make things from our environment. Using ICT tools to gain information about life. Learning about their role in the world and what they could achieve. Personal, social and emotional development: How they feel about themselves and helping them to develop a sense of self and how to respect others. Other social skills include getting dressed and undressed, washing themselves. Also wanting to learn and getting excited when learning. Physical Development: Helping with coordination of body parts and how you can use hands and feet to move things. How to control your movements in an effective manner. The importance of a good, healthy diet and how it can affect performance. Problem Solving, Numeracy and Reasoning: Helping to expand their knowledge of problem solving using stories, games, role play, singing and games. Making the child feel easy talking about and understanding the language of reasoning and problem solving. Communication, literacy and language: You need to assist the children in confidence building with positive praise. Also making sure they can communicate in a proper manner viaShow MoreRelatedSupport Children and Young People with Disabilities and Special Educational Needs2247 Words   |  9 PagesOutline the legal entitlements of disabled children and young people and those with special educational needs. Anyone providing services for children with special needs – health, education or social service departments, as well as voluntary organisations – must act within the legal framework. Legislation can change at any time and all health, education and social care practitioners, also Early Years workers, should be alert to new Acts and Regulations. There have been many changes to legislationRead MoreThe Mental Disabilities Include Autism, Down Syndrome And1348 Words   |  6 PagesThe mental disabilities include autism, Down syndrome and many more. They need support from their parents, guardians, teachers, the government, and anyone else is taking part in their day-to-day lives. Such children need attention so that they do not miss on the important parts of their lives. This study aims to look at the people involved in their lives and the roles and responsibilities they play. For those children and young people who researchers identify as having such needs, will be hard toRead MoreTda 2.4 Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children and Young People1458 Words   |  6 Pagesin work with children and young people The current legislative framework protecting the equal rights of all children and young people are stated in the United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). These rights are extensive, including the right to education and the right for children and young people to have their views respected. The Children Act 1989 sets out the duty of local authorities to provide services according to the needs of all children and young people. Every ChildRead MoreLife Long Learning for Students with Disabilities Essay example639 Words   |  3 PagesProviding services for young students with disabilities is not negotiable. This is because, these young learners requires special care and services in their day to day activities. Developmental disability has become a common diagnosis in children these days. This disability starts during a child’s development period and may last for a life time. Special educational programs are available for children with development disabilities. The diagnosis of developmental disabilities can be done at an earlyRead MoreIdentify the Current Legislation and Codes of Practice to the Promotion of Equality and Valuing of Diversity.1402 Words   |  6 Pagesguidelines and procedures for ensuring equality. These policies must take account the rights of all children and young people. The policies in place work to ensure equality and inclusion; this can be conducted through the teaching and learning that occurs in the setting. However, the policies must also pay regard to the values and practice which are part of all aspects of school life. All work with children should be underpinned by the principles and values as stated in the National Occupational StandardsRead MoreSpecial Educational Needs And Disability887 Words   |  4 Pages(SEND) stands for Special Educational Needs and Disability. QUOTE A learner’s needs may be too complex for a class teacher to fully cater provide for. It is possible that more support and even specialist help maybe needed for example speech and language therapy. â€Å"This is usually when a child is described as having ‘special needs†. (Somerville Primary School, 2016). It is true that having SEND can affect a learner’s capacity to learn. A Send learner may show inappropriate behaviour, find it hardRead MoreNew Send Code Of Practice And How It Affects Schools And Teaching Practices1295 Words   |  6 Pagesthe new legislation that the government had put into place last year. The key piece of legislation is The Children and Families Act 2014. †¢ The SEND Code of Practice is part of the wider plan to improve outcomes for disadvantaged children. †¢ Feb 2011 – the DfE published its Green Paper titled ‘Support and Aspiration’ a new approach to special needs and disability. †¢ March 2014 – Children and Families Bill received Royal Assent. †¢ 22nd April 2014 – The statute came into force †¢ June 2014 – FinalRead MoreEquality Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children and Young People956 Words   |  4 PagesEquality diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people: Alison Brooks Assessment of how own attitude values and behaviour could impact on work with young people and children. 2.3 All those working in the school have a legal duty to protect the rights of children and young people. It is important that you examine your own attitudes and values critically; to consider how these may impact on the way you work with children Rigid and divisive views from adults can be reflectedRead MoreEquality Diversity Inclusion1538 Words   |  7 Pages1.1 Explain what is meant by. Equality Equality is treating people fairly and making sure that everyone is given a fair chance and that their individual needs are met. It’s about giving all sections of the community equal access to employment, education and other services that are provided whilst valuing and respecting them. Recognising that different sections of the community require specific measures to make sure they receive equality. Recognising how and why some groups are underrepresentedRead MoreDiscrimination and Special Educational Needs Essay848 Words   |  4 PagesReform Act 1988 Introduced a national curriculum for all children, including those with special needs. Encouraged tendency towards in-class additional support rather than special classes for those with special educational needs. Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Outlaws discrimination on the grounds of gender or marital status in employment, education, transport and the provision of goods and services. Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 Amended parts of the DDA (to include education

Rehab Paper - 1529 Words

Rehabilitation CJA 234 September 05 2011 Rehabilitation Paper Parole happens when the release of an inmate, before the termination of the inmate’s court-imposed sentence, with a period of supervision to be successfully completed by compliance with the conditions and terms of the release agreement ordered by the Commission. The decision of the Commission to parole an inmate shall stand for an act of grace of the State and should not be considered a right. Probation is a period of supervision in the community imposed by the court as an alternative to imprisonment. These offenders are supervised by the Department of Corrections. While on probation, a condition of the sentence may be to have weekly or monthly meetings with a probation†¦show more content†¦Recommendation 10 - Engage the community to help reduce the likelihood offenders will return to a life of offense. Critical thinking, positive relationships, and healthy behaviors are critical to offenders success upon release. Recommendation 11 - Increase stru ctured guidelines to respond to technical parole violations, based on risk and seriousness. Sanctions and incentives are important tools. While each states arrangement for parole is varied, these recommendations can easily be adapted by legislative and corrections leaders to apply to their probation and parole practices. Proposal 11 is predominantly important because many technical violations of probation and parole often result in a return to prison for people who have not committed a new crime and may be handling the transition from prison well. While we certainly want these people following the rules, sending them to prison without committing a new crime wipes out the progress they have made while in the general public (probation and parole, 2010). Prisons in Afghanistan are in grave violation of international standards for those held in detention. They are entirely inadequate for the care of the number of people now held there, the food is insufficient, the water supply unclean, sanitation virtually absent, clothing meager, and barred walls open to the elements expose the inhabitants to winter conditions. Disease is rampant. Each cellblock contained a series ofShow MoreRelatedYouth Offenders in The United States1089 Words   |  5 Pagesan adult crime should they be tried as an adult or sent off to rehab? According to (Juvenile Offender) young people today are more malleable and can be easily influenced. It is mainly believed that the criminal actions by young offenders might be influenced by such external forces such as parental neglect, and inappropriate living conditions or with relations within their family. It is important to note that instead of seeing a rehab program as a form of punishment. Young people who are undergoingRead MoreCollaboration Among Different Professions Is A Key To A1600 Words   |  7 Pages(CIHC, 2010). In this paper, a clinical case related to interprofessional communication will be reviewed. The significance of the issue will be identified, and three contributing factors will be critically examined. In the end, three evidence-based recommendations will be proposed to address the IP issue. Mr. James, a 72 year old male sustained an injury from a fall at home. Surgery was performed for stable fixation of the fracture. Mr. James was transferred to short-term rehab unit after his vitalsRead MoreNursing Care Models Paper. There Are Varieties Of Care1008 Words   |  5 PagesNursing Care Models Paper There are varieties of care models in nursing which are based on the fact that various healthcare organizations have different needs, hence the need to model their care delivery to suit their primary objective and mission. In this paper, I have to discuss the most prominent and dominant models that I have observed and they are as listed as follows: The Interdisciplinary Care Model At the healthcare facility where I currently work, one nursing care model I have noticed isRead MoreWhat Can A Person Do With A Health Science Degree?1453 Words   |  6 Pagesand improve the health of living beings† (Health Science Careers, 2016). This paper will go over a multitude of different job options and careers in the health science degree program. It will serve as a mini resource/reference paper for those interested in learning more on the health science program. There are so many options so the paper will have categories and give a brief synapse about each career. The paper will list careers in rehabilitation, personal wellness, medical centered jobs, andRead MoreNet Present Value Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesAll-important business choices are made using a business analysis. To determine whether or not to build a rehab center or neonatal center capital budgeting skills have to be implemented. There are four techniques that should be considered when making a d ecision this large. These four determinants are NPV (Net Present Value), ROI (Return on Investment), PI (Profitability Index) and Payer mix. This paper will explain what the four measures are and how they relate to the decision to be made. Also, it willRead MoreWhitney Houston Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pagesconditions of an individual. As counselors, having an exact diagnosis and a diagnostic evaluation is essential. This paper will attempt to provide a diagnostic battery assessment of Whitney Houston. Although she has pasted away, the paper will present as if she had entered therapy prior to her death. Some missing points of information regarding her life will be added to this paper, although factious, the basis of the information will be drawn from media reports of her life. Background of WhitneyRead MoreDrugs Control Of A Drug Addict947 Words   |  4 Pagesdon’t know where to get it, others don’t care to get any help at all. But why not help an addict that wants help? These are the three basic places that a drug addict could go for help: outpatient rehab centers, inpatient rehab centers and long term process-anonymous meetings. One place is an outpatient rehab centers located throughout the five boroughs of New York City. They consist of one-on-one counseling and group meetings throughout the week. At first they would do an intake to see the type ofRead MoreDesign Of A Cross Sectional Design Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pagesbeneficial if the authors’ could have noted that the design was a non-experimental and time related. Population and Sample The population targeted used an eligibility criteria which consisted of post CAD patients between 60 and 85 years of age. The paper lacked reporting the accessible population through geographical location. Thus it was not clearly stated where the participants were recruited from and how they were contacted to participate within the study. Confounding variables such as socio-economicRead MoreNursing Care Plan and Specimens Essay891 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ NDNQI Analysis and Action Plan: Adams 5, Inpatient Rehab Unit Savetria Nicole Palmer Walden University NURS 2006 Section 13, Topics in Clinical Nursing September 21, 2014 Quality is a broad term that encompasses various aspects of nursing care (Montolvo, 2007). The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators [NDNQI] is the only national nursing database that provides quarterly and annual reporting of structure, process, and outcome indicators to evaluate nursing care at theRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of A Cerebral Vascular Attack1604 Words   |  7 Pagesbe able to integrate into society with a disability. Patients can have an improved recovery from stroke by participating in rehabilitation services in the community and using their support system once discharged from the acute care setting. In this paper, it will be demonstrated that caregivers of stroke patients tend to influence recovery differently. Also, stroke survivors must integrate within their community to continue positive rehabilitation because stroke survivors need a stable environment

Killer Angels free essay sample

1. Were soldiers religious? What did they think about God? What sorts of religious viewpoints do we see in this book? 2. Why did soldiers fight? Did the motivations of men on the two sides differ? What enabled men to fight in the face of death? 3. What thesis does the author argue as to why the Confederacy was defeated at Gettysburg? What evidence does he present to make his point? Do you agree or disagree with him? Trevor Jenke Professor Lockwood History 1301: M-W 12:30 2 December, 2013 Killer Angels Book Review 1. During the Civil War, there were two sides, the Confederate Army and the Union Army. While the Confederates fought for slavery, the Union fought for their freedom. While the Confederates fought for the continuance of state’s rights, the Union fought, the Union fought for what its name stood for, preserving the Union. While one side seemed to be more religious, the other seemed to remain rather independent . General Lee in particular is presented as a religious man with a streak of fatalism in his nature. He tends to attribute certain events to the will of God. This is first apparent when he realizes that there will be a battle at Gettysburg, even though this was not the location he had decided upon. Everything seems to be unfolding without much input from him and he thinks, â€Å"it was all in God’s hands†. (Pg. 111 Killer Angels, Michael Shaara) Just before Pickett’s Charge begins, Lee repeats the notion that â€Å"It is all in the hands of God† (p. 317 Killer Angels, Michael Shaara), although Longstreet, the down-to-earth soldier, pointedly replies that â€Å"it isn’t God that is sending those men up that hill. † Longstreet’s remark presents a different world view. Men do not march blindly to their preordained fates; their fate is decided by men who make certain decisions and have it in their power to make different ones. It is human will not divine will that determines outcomes. Shaara masterfully summarized the character of the Army of Northern Virginia and its inherent hypocrisy. â€Å"They are rebels and volunteers. They are mostly unpaid and usually self-equipped. This is an army of remarkable unity, fighting for disunion. It is Anglo-Saxon and Protestant . . . . They share common customs and a common faith and they have been consistently victorious against superior numbers. †( Foreword: IX Killer Angels, Michael Shaara) Armistead has a religious nature similar to that of Lee. He prays before Pickett’s Charge begins, knowing that everything is out of his hands, and he believes there is a â€Å"foreordained† plan, the outline of which they will soon come to know. Like Lee he seems fatalistic, believing himself to be â€Å"in the grip of these great forces, powerless, sliding down the long afternoon toward the end, as if it was all arranged somewhere† (Pg. 334 Killer Angels, Michael Shaara ). No one on the Union side seemed to express ideas like these, which seem to be associated with the traditional religious faith that flourished in the South and which is part of the reason Fremantle admires the Confederacy. On the other side, Chamberlain, who in effect is the chief spokesman for the Union cause, thinks more in terms of the ability of men to shape their own future democratically rather than invoking the will of God as the power that dictates what happens in human affairs. Religion played a major role in the war, particularly on the south’s side. The lead General, Gen. Lee, often felt that the war was out of his hands and the hands of his men. He felt as if the entire war was â€Å"in the hands of God†. The Union Army and Col. Chamberlain felt that it was the ability of their men that would ultimately shape the outcome of the war. Nevertheless, it was more than religion that set them apart. The most important reason as to why the armies were fighting, was that of slavery. 2. Both and the North found themselves fighting for different reasons and sometimes even the men of the same army found themselves fighting for a variety of causes. Early on the Union Army saw themselves as fighting for freedom. They believed that slavery could not co-exist in a country that was founded on the ideology of freedom. However, they eventually found themselves fighting to help free the slaves rather than fighting for each other. The Confederate Army was fighting to maintain its grip on slavery as it was ever so important to their economy and way of life. They depended on it so greatly that they would be willing to risk their lives on order to hold on to it. Col. Chamberlain talks about his view on the war, and what it meant to him as he was trying to convince the imprisoned troops from the 2nd Maine Division to fight with him. He believed that this war was far different than any other war ever waged in the history of mankind. He believed that what we were fighting for was the value of man, that they were fighting for each other. â€Å"This is free ground. All the way from here to the Pacific Ocean . . . . Here we judge you by what you do, not by what your father was . . . . . What we’re all fighting for, in the end, is each other. † (Pg. 32 / 33 Killer Angels, Michael Shaara) However, there were still men in the Union who were fighting for themselves rather than the idea of a free nation. In personal discussion, Kilrain says that the reason he, personally, is fighting is to prove Im a better man than many (Pg. 188). He says, Its the aristocracy Im after (Pg. 189). He wants to be treated fairly, as he deserves, no matter what his father deserved. Later on it seemed that there reasonings on the war seemed to have changed. They had gone from fighting for each other to fighting a war on slavery. To Chamberlain, the bottom line is that he sees everyone, black or white, as a man. There is no difference. And yet a Southern minister told him, very patiently, that that was the thing I did not understand, that a Negro was not a man. (Pg. 187) And Chamberlain decides he was willing to kill, if he had to, because he believed that all people were men. Even Kilrain seemed to have slightly seen the true reason as to why they were fighting. When Chamberlains men find an escaped slave, Kilrain says, And this is what its all about. (Pg. 179) The slaves Although the South was ultimately fighting for slavery, Michael Shaara says of Lee’s reason for fighting the Civil War â€Å", He found that he had no choice†¦Lee could not raise his hand against his own. And so what then? To stand by and do nothing? It had nothing to do with causes; it was no longer a matter of vows† (Pg. 263). Chamberlains brother, Tom, thinks it is hilarious that the Confederate prisoners keep saying that the war isnt about slavery, it is about their rats. The pronunciation is so different, it takes them a while to figure out that means rights. Tom asked what rights were being offended, and they couldnt say. (Pg. 180) The south was fighting for their ‘rights’ to establish a society like that of their old homeland. In the Freemantle chapter, we get one British opinion. But the point is they, the Southerners, do it all exactly as we do in Europe. And the North does not. Thats what this war is really about. The Northerner doesnt give a damn for tradition, or breeding, or the Old Country. (Pg. 174 Killer Angels, Michael Shaara. ) These were the reasons they were able to carry on with the war. The reasons for a man to fight and kill. They fought and died to defend their freedom, rights, and for the destruction of slavery. I found it most interesting that Kilrains personal reasoning was the other side of Freemantles perspective. And that Kilrains personal reasons for fighting were different than what he thought the war was about 3. There were several reason as to why the confederates lost the army. Many believe that Lee’s unwillingness to side with Longstreet’s view cost them the war. I myself agree with this statement. Although there were other important factors contributing to the Union’s victory. General John Buford, the Union cavalry commander, was quick to seize the high ground. â€Å"He turned in his stirrups, looked back at the high ground, the cemetery. The hills rose like watchtowers. All that morning he had seen nothing but flat ground. When the Rebs came in, in the morning, they would move onto those hills. †(Pg. 39 Killer Angels, Michael Shaara. ) Specifically, he tried to protect Seminary Ridge and the hills behind it Cemetery Hill, Cemetery Ridge, Culp’s Hill, Little Round Top, and Big Round Top. The Union yields Seminary Ridge, but manages to hold on to the rest of the hills. These hills were excellent defensive positions as they allowed officers to see much of the surrounding area and they are covered with rocks and trees that can block bullets. Another major benefit to controlling the hills was that artillery had a greater range when fired from high positions. Robert E. Lee was upset with General Ewell for not seizing Culp’s Hill or Cemetery Hill. Chamberlain’s regiment defended Little Round Top, having been ordered never to retreat. The high ground is one of the major elements of the Union victory. Furthermore, without Jeb. Stuart, Lee has no information about the movements of the Union army or the geography of the surrounding area. † Yankees were on the high ground and with Stuart gone there was no way of knowing just how many corps lay in wait beyond the haze of that far ridge. † (Pg. 170-Killer Angels, Michael Shaara. ) As a result, strategic planning is very difficult for Lee, particularly since he is in unfamiliar, Northern territory. First, Pickett’s Charge—Lee’s attempt to completely destroy the Union army—fails, since the Confederate artillery attack prior to the charge misses most of its targets, leaving the Union with almost all its batteries. Second, Lee vastly underestimates the power of the Union position. â€Å"Have you ever seen a worse position? Here we are in a long line, spread all around them, a line five miles long. How can we coordinate an attack? They’re massed all together, damn near in a circle. Anywhere we hit them they can bring reinforcements in a matter of minutes . . . Lee repeated. â€Å"In any case, there is no alternative. † (Pg. 304) The Union artillery decimated the confederate forces. I agree and feel that General Lee’s inability to make the appropriate decisions ultimately cost the confederates the war. He relied too much on that of the good will of the other forces that he became blinded. His inability to comprehend and knowing when he was outmatched severely hindered them and I feel that that is ultimately was lead to their defeat.

Journal of Neurolinguistics

Question: Explain of the Journal of Neurolinguistics ? Answer: Introducation: The aim of the following discourse is to make a fruitful review of a particular article and provide both positive and negative feedback regarding it. In order to accomplish the distinct purpose, the present paper would first summarize the chief aspects covered by the chosen article, which is The contribution of the frontal lobe to the perception of speech. It is to mention in this purpose that the article belongs to the Journal of Neurolinguistics and is written by the combine effort of Alessandro DAusilio, Luciano Fadiga and Laila Craighero. Prior to provide positive and negative feedback regarding the article, it is essential to summarize the article at first. It has been understood after reading the article that the chief indication of the paper is that the motor system and specifically the frontal lobe holds a significant contribution in building percept regarding speech. It has been identified that in order to establish the purpose of proving the significance of frontal lobe in acquiring various perceptions of speech, the paper has cumulated empirical evidences (D'Ausilio et al., 2012). Following the particular aim of establishing importance of frontal lobe, the considered article has evaluated aspects as speech listening that activates the area of motor system and has elaborated the casual functions of the motor areas regarding speech perception. Most significantly, prior to delve deeply into the above-mentioned premises, it has been identified that in the introductory phase, the chosen article has addressed three m ajor premises, which are relation between Broca and speech production and Broca system and speech perception. Alongside, the article has underlined the significant interaction among the frontal, temporal and parietal areas for procuring and providing chief functions of language ability (D'Ausilio eta l., 2012). After reviewing the chief premises of discussion belonging to the considered article, it is significant to denote that the article has finally implied that motor systems are capable in changing speech discrimination. It has been further concluded by the article that several areas of Frontal Lobe, which are involved in making speech production, mainly influence the premise that concentrates on shaping speech perception (D'Ausilio et al., 2012). Most significantly, it has been understood from the article that the growing evidences, which are experimental indicate that perceptual regions are not capable alone in perceiving the sensory information, which are action related. Thus, the article firmly outlines that in order to acquire information regarding the action related sensory, the contribution of the motor system belonging to the frontal lobe is necessary. Considering the conclusion as well as the fundamental premise of the article, it is to say that the context of the article is relevant as well as potentially informative. It is because the article coherently rejects the fact that there are huge differences between the ways languages are produced and the way they are perceived, which are claimed by the classical models. The claims and evidences cumulated and highlighted by the article are presented with impressive amount of discussion, therefore the authors have successfully engaged the readers into the discussion. On the other hand, it is to say that the points displayed by the article are worth acceptable as per the reason that frontal lobe involves most of the neurons, which are dopamine-sensitive (Ester et al., 2015). It is a known fact that dopamine system potentially selects and controls the sensory perceptions, which come directly from the thalamus (Pribram Luria, 2013). Therefore, it should be contemplated that motor system o f frontal lobe influences the speech perception activities. Most significantly, it is a proven fact that the frontal lobe plays an essential role in controlling memory also (Safavi et al., 2014). Therefore, considering all the above-mentioned scientific facts, it should be regarded that the article contains relevant and acceptable facts. On the contradictory side, it is to say that as per the article has dealt with the contribution of frontal lobe in language perception the article could have given far more evidences of research works, which has been pursued previously upon the distinct premise. It is true that the article has mentioned several experiments and has noted experiences of several patients though they are few. It would have been much more interesting for the readers if in sections, where the authors have discussed about speech listening that activates the area of motor system, they could have enlisted some relevant evidences (Barbey et al., 2013). Most importantly, the article could have extended its discussion on the matter of the potential contribution of frontal lobe to the human memory. Henceforth, from the above discourse it has been understood that the considered article is a relevant piece of information that successfully establish the fact that speech perceptions are influenced by the motor system of frontal lobe. However, according to the above discourse the article could have enlisted more evidences and a brief discussion on the contribution of frontal lobe to human memory. References Barbey, A. K., Koenigs, M., Grafman, J. (2013). Dorsolateral prefrontal contributions to human working memory.Cortex,49(5), 1195-1205. D'Ausilio, A., Craighero, L., Fadiga, L. (2012). The contribution of the frontal lobe to the perception of speech.Journal of Neurolinguistics,25(5), 328-335. Ester, E. F., Sprague, T. C., Serences, J. T. (2015). Parietal and frontal cortex encode stimulus-specific mnemonic representations during visual working memory.Neuron,87(4), 893-905. Pribram, K. H., Luria, A. R. (Eds.). (2013).Psychophysiology of the frontal lobes. Academic Press. Safavi, S., Kapoor, V., Logothetis, N. K., Panagiotaropoulos, T. I. (2014). Is the frontal lobe involved in conscious perception?.