Killer Angels free essay sample

1. Were soldiers religious? What did they think about God? What sorts of religious viewpoints do we see in this book? 2. Why did soldiers fight? Did the motivations of men on the two sides differ? What enabled men to fight in the face of death? 3. What thesis does the author argue as to why the Confederacy was defeated at Gettysburg? What evidence does he present to make his point? Do you agree or disagree with him? Trevor Jenke Professor Lockwood History 1301: M-W 12:30 2 December, 2013 Killer Angels Book Review 1. During the Civil War, there were two sides, the Confederate Army and the Union Army. While the Confederates fought for slavery, the Union fought for their freedom. While the Confederates fought for the continuance of state’s rights, the Union fought, the Union fought for what its name stood for, preserving the Union. While one side seemed to be more religious, the other seemed to remain rather independent . General Lee in particular is presented as a religious man with a streak of fatalism in his nature. He tends to attribute certain events to the will of God. This is first apparent when he realizes that there will be a battle at Gettysburg, even though this was not the location he had decided upon. Everything seems to be unfolding without much input from him and he thinks, â€Å"it was all in God’s hands†. (Pg. 111 Killer Angels, Michael Shaara) Just before Pickett’s Charge begins, Lee repeats the notion that â€Å"It is all in the hands of God† (p. 317 Killer Angels, Michael Shaara), although Longstreet, the down-to-earth soldier, pointedly replies that â€Å"it isn’t God that is sending those men up that hill. † Longstreet’s remark presents a different world view. Men do not march blindly to their preordained fates; their fate is decided by men who make certain decisions and have it in their power to make different ones. It is human will not divine will that determines outcomes. Shaara masterfully summarized the character of the Army of Northern Virginia and its inherent hypocrisy. â€Å"They are rebels and volunteers. They are mostly unpaid and usually self-equipped. This is an army of remarkable unity, fighting for disunion. It is Anglo-Saxon and Protestant . . . . They share common customs and a common faith and they have been consistently victorious against superior numbers. †( Foreword: IX Killer Angels, Michael Shaara) Armistead has a religious nature similar to that of Lee. He prays before Pickett’s Charge begins, knowing that everything is out of his hands, and he believes there is a â€Å"foreordained† plan, the outline of which they will soon come to know. Like Lee he seems fatalistic, believing himself to be â€Å"in the grip of these great forces, powerless, sliding down the long afternoon toward the end, as if it was all arranged somewhere† (Pg. 334 Killer Angels, Michael Shaara ). No one on the Union side seemed to express ideas like these, which seem to be associated with the traditional religious faith that flourished in the South and which is part of the reason Fremantle admires the Confederacy. On the other side, Chamberlain, who in effect is the chief spokesman for the Union cause, thinks more in terms of the ability of men to shape their own future democratically rather than invoking the will of God as the power that dictates what happens in human affairs. Religion played a major role in the war, particularly on the south’s side. The lead General, Gen. Lee, often felt that the war was out of his hands and the hands of his men. He felt as if the entire war was â€Å"in the hands of God†. The Union Army and Col. Chamberlain felt that it was the ability of their men that would ultimately shape the outcome of the war. Nevertheless, it was more than religion that set them apart. The most important reason as to why the armies were fighting, was that of slavery. 2. Both and the North found themselves fighting for different reasons and sometimes even the men of the same army found themselves fighting for a variety of causes. Early on the Union Army saw themselves as fighting for freedom. They believed that slavery could not co-exist in a country that was founded on the ideology of freedom. However, they eventually found themselves fighting to help free the slaves rather than fighting for each other. The Confederate Army was fighting to maintain its grip on slavery as it was ever so important to their economy and way of life. They depended on it so greatly that they would be willing to risk their lives on order to hold on to it. Col. Chamberlain talks about his view on the war, and what it meant to him as he was trying to convince the imprisoned troops from the 2nd Maine Division to fight with him. He believed that this war was far different than any other war ever waged in the history of mankind. He believed that what we were fighting for was the value of man, that they were fighting for each other. â€Å"This is free ground. All the way from here to the Pacific Ocean . . . . Here we judge you by what you do, not by what your father was . . . . . What we’re all fighting for, in the end, is each other. † (Pg. 32 / 33 Killer Angels, Michael Shaara) However, there were still men in the Union who were fighting for themselves rather than the idea of a free nation. In personal discussion, Kilrain says that the reason he, personally, is fighting is to prove Im a better man than many (Pg. 188). He says, Its the aristocracy Im after (Pg. 189). He wants to be treated fairly, as he deserves, no matter what his father deserved. Later on it seemed that there reasonings on the war seemed to have changed. They had gone from fighting for each other to fighting a war on slavery. To Chamberlain, the bottom line is that he sees everyone, black or white, as a man. There is no difference. And yet a Southern minister told him, very patiently, that that was the thing I did not understand, that a Negro was not a man. (Pg. 187) And Chamberlain decides he was willing to kill, if he had to, because he believed that all people were men. Even Kilrain seemed to have slightly seen the true reason as to why they were fighting. When Chamberlains men find an escaped slave, Kilrain says, And this is what its all about. (Pg. 179) The slaves Although the South was ultimately fighting for slavery, Michael Shaara says of Lee’s reason for fighting the Civil War â€Å", He found that he had no choice†¦Lee could not raise his hand against his own. And so what then? To stand by and do nothing? It had nothing to do with causes; it was no longer a matter of vows† (Pg. 263). Chamberlains brother, Tom, thinks it is hilarious that the Confederate prisoners keep saying that the war isnt about slavery, it is about their rats. The pronunciation is so different, it takes them a while to figure out that means rights. Tom asked what rights were being offended, and they couldnt say. (Pg. 180) The south was fighting for their ‘rights’ to establish a society like that of their old homeland. In the Freemantle chapter, we get one British opinion. But the point is they, the Southerners, do it all exactly as we do in Europe. And the North does not. Thats what this war is really about. The Northerner doesnt give a damn for tradition, or breeding, or the Old Country. (Pg. 174 Killer Angels, Michael Shaara. ) These were the reasons they were able to carry on with the war. The reasons for a man to fight and kill. They fought and died to defend their freedom, rights, and for the destruction of slavery. I found it most interesting that Kilrains personal reasoning was the other side of Freemantles perspective. And that Kilrains personal reasons for fighting were different than what he thought the war was about 3. There were several reason as to why the confederates lost the army. Many believe that Lee’s unwillingness to side with Longstreet’s view cost them the war. I myself agree with this statement. Although there were other important factors contributing to the Union’s victory. General John Buford, the Union cavalry commander, was quick to seize the high ground. â€Å"He turned in his stirrups, looked back at the high ground, the cemetery. The hills rose like watchtowers. All that morning he had seen nothing but flat ground. When the Rebs came in, in the morning, they would move onto those hills. †(Pg. 39 Killer Angels, Michael Shaara. ) Specifically, he tried to protect Seminary Ridge and the hills behind it Cemetery Hill, Cemetery Ridge, Culp’s Hill, Little Round Top, and Big Round Top. The Union yields Seminary Ridge, but manages to hold on to the rest of the hills. These hills were excellent defensive positions as they allowed officers to see much of the surrounding area and they are covered with rocks and trees that can block bullets. Another major benefit to controlling the hills was that artillery had a greater range when fired from high positions. Robert E. Lee was upset with General Ewell for not seizing Culp’s Hill or Cemetery Hill. Chamberlain’s regiment defended Little Round Top, having been ordered never to retreat. The high ground is one of the major elements of the Union victory. Furthermore, without Jeb. Stuart, Lee has no information about the movements of the Union army or the geography of the surrounding area. † Yankees were on the high ground and with Stuart gone there was no way of knowing just how many corps lay in wait beyond the haze of that far ridge. † (Pg. 170-Killer Angels, Michael Shaara. ) As a result, strategic planning is very difficult for Lee, particularly since he is in unfamiliar, Northern territory. First, Pickett’s Charge—Lee’s attempt to completely destroy the Union army—fails, since the Confederate artillery attack prior to the charge misses most of its targets, leaving the Union with almost all its batteries. Second, Lee vastly underestimates the power of the Union position. â€Å"Have you ever seen a worse position? Here we are in a long line, spread all around them, a line five miles long. How can we coordinate an attack? They’re massed all together, damn near in a circle. Anywhere we hit them they can bring reinforcements in a matter of minutes . . . Lee repeated. â€Å"In any case, there is no alternative. † (Pg. 304) The Union artillery decimated the confederate forces. I agree and feel that General Lee’s inability to make the appropriate decisions ultimately cost the confederates the war. He relied too much on that of the good will of the other forces that he became blinded. His inability to comprehend and knowing when he was outmatched severely hindered them and I feel that that is ultimately was lead to their defeat.

Journal of Neurolinguistics

Question: Explain of the Journal of Neurolinguistics ? Answer: Introducation: The aim of the following discourse is to make a fruitful review of a particular article and provide both positive and negative feedback regarding it. In order to accomplish the distinct purpose, the present paper would first summarize the chief aspects covered by the chosen article, which is The contribution of the frontal lobe to the perception of speech. It is to mention in this purpose that the article belongs to the Journal of Neurolinguistics and is written by the combine effort of Alessandro DAusilio, Luciano Fadiga and Laila Craighero. Prior to provide positive and negative feedback regarding the article, it is essential to summarize the article at first. It has been understood after reading the article that the chief indication of the paper is that the motor system and specifically the frontal lobe holds a significant contribution in building percept regarding speech. It has been identified that in order to establish the purpose of proving the significance of frontal lobe in acquiring various perceptions of speech, the paper has cumulated empirical evidences (D'Ausilio et al., 2012). Following the particular aim of establishing importance of frontal lobe, the considered article has evaluated aspects as speech listening that activates the area of motor system and has elaborated the casual functions of the motor areas regarding speech perception. Most significantly, prior to delve deeply into the above-mentioned premises, it has been identified that in the introductory phase, the chosen article has addressed three m ajor premises, which are relation between Broca and speech production and Broca system and speech perception. Alongside, the article has underlined the significant interaction among the frontal, temporal and parietal areas for procuring and providing chief functions of language ability (D'Ausilio eta l., 2012). After reviewing the chief premises of discussion belonging to the considered article, it is significant to denote that the article has finally implied that motor systems are capable in changing speech discrimination. It has been further concluded by the article that several areas of Frontal Lobe, which are involved in making speech production, mainly influence the premise that concentrates on shaping speech perception (D'Ausilio et al., 2012). Most significantly, it has been understood from the article that the growing evidences, which are experimental indicate that perceptual regions are not capable alone in perceiving the sensory information, which are action related. Thus, the article firmly outlines that in order to acquire information regarding the action related sensory, the contribution of the motor system belonging to the frontal lobe is necessary. Considering the conclusion as well as the fundamental premise of the article, it is to say that the context of the article is relevant as well as potentially informative. It is because the article coherently rejects the fact that there are huge differences between the ways languages are produced and the way they are perceived, which are claimed by the classical models. The claims and evidences cumulated and highlighted by the article are presented with impressive amount of discussion, therefore the authors have successfully engaged the readers into the discussion. On the other hand, it is to say that the points displayed by the article are worth acceptable as per the reason that frontal lobe involves most of the neurons, which are dopamine-sensitive (Ester et al., 2015). It is a known fact that dopamine system potentially selects and controls the sensory perceptions, which come directly from the thalamus (Pribram Luria, 2013). Therefore, it should be contemplated that motor system o f frontal lobe influences the speech perception activities. Most significantly, it is a proven fact that the frontal lobe plays an essential role in controlling memory also (Safavi et al., 2014). Therefore, considering all the above-mentioned scientific facts, it should be regarded that the article contains relevant and acceptable facts. On the contradictory side, it is to say that as per the article has dealt with the contribution of frontal lobe in language perception the article could have given far more evidences of research works, which has been pursued previously upon the distinct premise. It is true that the article has mentioned several experiments and has noted experiences of several patients though they are few. It would have been much more interesting for the readers if in sections, where the authors have discussed about speech listening that activates the area of motor system, they could have enlisted some relevant evidences (Barbey et al., 2013). Most importantly, the article could have extended its discussion on the matter of the potential contribution of frontal lobe to the human memory. Henceforth, from the above discourse it has been understood that the considered article is a relevant piece of information that successfully establish the fact that speech perceptions are influenced by the motor system of frontal lobe. However, according to the above discourse the article could have enlisted more evidences and a brief discussion on the contribution of frontal lobe to human memory. References Barbey, A. K., Koenigs, M., Grafman, J. (2013). Dorsolateral prefrontal contributions to human working memory.Cortex,49(5), 1195-1205. D'Ausilio, A., Craighero, L., Fadiga, L. (2012). The contribution of the frontal lobe to the perception of speech.Journal of Neurolinguistics,25(5), 328-335. Ester, E. F., Sprague, T. C., Serences, J. T. (2015). Parietal and frontal cortex encode stimulus-specific mnemonic representations during visual working memory.Neuron,87(4), 893-905. Pribram, K. H., Luria, A. R. (Eds.). (2013).Psychophysiology of the frontal lobes. Academic Press. Safavi, S., Kapoor, V., Logothetis, N. K., Panagiotaropoulos, T. I. (2014). Is the frontal lobe involved in conscious perception?.

Study Case Marketing About Harmonix free essay sample

Harmonix is a company originally founded by Alex Rigopulos and Eran Egozy, they were the original developer of guitar hero series, the idea was originally create some demo software with the vision of providing a different way for people without music training or talent to experience the joy of playing and creating music. One of the most successful product that was produced by hamonix were guitar hero series, which subsequently became the fastest videogame in history to top 1 billion dollars just in north America. . )What marketing philosophy did harmonix use at first and how did their philosophy change? * The Marketing management philosophy used Harmonix, at first, was production oriented. The company focused on some demo software they had created in 1995, and the company focused on the internal capabilities rather than the wants or needs of customers. Then they tried the make a product by persons who wants know that will feel   be a rock star and decide to engage with their custom ers, changing their philosophy to the market orientation. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Case Marketing About Harmonix or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since 2004 the company searched for the wants and likes of the customers creating products such as the microphone in karaoke Revolution, and in 2005 Guitar hero. This means that the company took actions by creating products to deliver and provide value to customers. The company seeks to satisfy needs , wants and likes of the customers with their products. S. W. O. T. STRENGHT * Innovation in the sector of video games * Strong brand image * Quality of the product (reality, sound, image) * Their games offer another experience that the consumers wants WEAKNESS * High prices Focus only in people with middle and higher incomes * Focus only in the music and entertainment market OPPORTUNITIES * New markets (games experiences) * New ways of advertising using internet THREAD * Increasing competitors * Indirect competition from other substitutes (other experiences with motion games) * Changing market experiences * Illegal downloading and piracy * Global economic conditions MARKETING MIX PRODUC T : like any other products have a life cycle, which begins at the time of its release, continues its growth and maturity, and finally goes into decline. They must understand each of the phases for the design, or strategies aiming at the attraction of video games to boost sales, it is for this reason that was listed as the fastest and most sales in history. PRICE: their units were sold at a higher price than other products on the market. By having so much market acceptance, Harmonix knew that despite the increase in their cost, their game was going to be one of the most competitive; the problem was that these prices keep out the people with low incomes, which is a big part of the market. DISTRIBUTION: still retains its operational autonomy, good budget for product development and licensing of music for their games. With its software can provide basic kinds of musical composition as an attribute to the participants of the game, so funding invest for their internal costs and seek adjustments in the bid as and distribution consumer needs. PROMOTION: this company provides advertising that discloses a new way to experience the joy of playing and creating music through video games. Sales staff often plays an important role in word of public relations, Also they used a different way of advertising, using demos, tournaments with huge rewards that motivated the gamester to buy the game. Conclusion: * In conclusion this company show their evolution , through the time since that Harmonix beginning when was had created in grad school in 1995. Even now when this company developement fun and extraordinary videogames and one philosophy that will could satisfy   the needs , wants and likes of their customers.

Free Essays on The 1960

After the 1960’s another extraordinary and well known period known as the Sixties, had both a positive and negative affect on society. John F. Kennedy youngest president to be elected was a Democrat from Massachusetts who promised â€Å"to get America moving again†. Other positive influences such as the civil rights movement outlawed discrimination in public accommodations, housing, and jobs; increased federal power to prosecute civil rights abuses. Specialized programs such as the Peace Corps, Alliance for Progress offered economic assistance. United States race with the Soviet Union in science and technology took further advances. Beside from these positive affects negative changes took place. Political assassinations, Cuban missile crisis, and discrimination based on color of skin reduced the accomplishments that could have taken place. In my opinion sports and games wasn’t very prominent in the 60’s, but rather a thing people did and watched to enjoy themselves. At first baseball, boxing, and football was something everyone was into and did. It was in the 60’s when basketball became recognized. Wilt Chamberlain was basketball's unstoppable force, the most awesome offensive force the game has ever seen. If asked to name the greatest players ever to play basketball, most fans would put Wilt Chamberlain at or near the top of the list. In boxing, Paterson vs. Linston was one of the outstanding matches ever seen and heard. Skiing was also a new sport, and in this Jackie Kennedy was the first woman to ski. Car racing was also another hobby for people in the 60’s. In baseball, 1962, Jackie Robinson the first black American to play in major league baseball was placed in the Baseball Hall of Fame for his talent. John F. Kennedy was described as rich, optimistic, one who had a good sense of humor and strong sense of found. The election in 1960 John F. Kennedy vs. Richard M. Nixon was televised to 70 million viewers. Because JK...

Discuss weather or not aggression is learnt with reference to research Essay

Discuss weather or not aggression is learnt with reference to research - Essay Example Additional elements of aggression include that the target of the aggression must feel intimidated by the aggressive action and feel that deliberate harm is intended by the person exhibiting aggressive behaviour (Anderson, 2002). The two key elements to note here are harm and intension. The perpetrator must intend to harm the victim. This can easily be understood by an example. If a boy comes snatches my younger brother’s pencil box, pushes him and starts running away, my brother would get furious. As a result if my brother chases the boy who ran with his pencil box, catches him and then slaps him that would be an example of aggressive behaviour. If on the other hand, my brother is playing soccer and unintentionally bumps into a player due to inertia that would not characterize as aggression. The reason is that the intention to harm was missing (Kinsella, 2004). Aggression and Violence: It is also important to establish the difference between aggression and violence. Where aggr ession means the intention to harm someone, violence refers to the intention of harming someone to an extreme level. Depending on the motive, aggression can further be divided into hostile or instrumental (Anderson, 2002). Different researchers and psychologists have done a lot of work on aggression and its causality. For the purpose of this paper, I will cite facts from a few of the works and answer the question as to whether aggression is learnt of innate. In the words of Sally Gadsdon, â€Å"If aggression is innate then all cultures should be equally aggressive, but this is obviously not the case.† I partially agree with this statement, since it is true that in our daily lives we meet hundreds of people belonging to the same culture, yet not equally aggressive. This does suggest something about aggression as an inherited trait. However tracking the roots of aggression is not as simple as it may seem. Is Aggression Learnt? From the point of view of the Social Learning Theor y, aggression is learnt from interactions with one’s social surroundings. It basically yields aggression as a product of the observation of a person’s environment; therefore it states that aggression is learnt. The Scripts Theory incorporates the element of the media into the social Learning Theory and states that aggression is learnt through the content which we observe on the mass media. The Social Interactions Theory further extends the concept of learned aggression to the idea of extrinsic motivation provided for aggressive acts, which breed aggression. For example, when new assassins join mafia gangs they are offered very generous monetary rewards which motivate them towards killing somebody. Therefore, in a way their aggression is motivated by the monetary value which they will get as a reward for their aggression (Anderson, 2002). All these theories build on the Frustration- Aggression hypothesis, which states that aggression is an outcome of frustration and fru stration is felt owing to our surroundings. Maslow did not approve the idea of simple frustration leading to aggressio

Undecided Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Undecided - Research Paper Example Degradation of resources in Rwanda has been tied to the pressure on limited arable land by a large rapidly growing population, 90 % of whom are engaged in agricultural activity as explained in the introduction. Furthermore, Rwanda population has been growing at the rate of 3.7 % per year increasing pressure on farm land and agricultural production leading to severe decrease in agricultural produce resulting to soil exhaustion and malnutrition.6 In addition, the conversion rate of pasture land into cropland has reduced manure production, thus reducing soil fertility. Almost all available agricultural land is being used with the exclusion of two sub regions which are the Akagera Park and the Nyabarngo Valley.7 These factors mentioned above mainly suggest that the rapid increasing population on a land that has limited resources could have contributed to the genocide in Rwanda, because many people had no fertile land and the only way to get one was to take another person’s land. S till on geographical factors, Rwanda has hilly terrain that is composed of wetlands areas in forest reserves and national parks.8 The destruction of the wetlands as a result of demand to convert land to agriculture has resulted to sedimentation and flooding, leaving a few natural forest like Gishwati, Mukara and Nyungwe.9 The demand to convert natural forest land into agricultural has not been the only factor that has led to deforestation. The need for fuel-wood consumption has been another factor of deforestation.10 These factors give us an indication that deforestation as a result of providing farm land and fuel-wood is also a contributing factor to the genocide in Rwanda. This is because for those people who did not have farm land or fuel-wood, they had to cut down the forest in order to satisfy their needs. The problem arises when some people do not get farm land, where in order to get a farm land, they would have to kill other people. So this is a suitable factor that could hav e led to the Rwanda genocide. In 1990, the Rwandan government under President Habryarimana based its legitimacy on its capability of providing the needs of its populace. Nevertheless, the decrease in tea and coffee prices and the structural adjustment of polices had a significant impact on the Rwandan economy because approximately 90% of earnings from export came from 7% of the land that was mainly coffee.11 Also, at this time the poverty levels in the rural areas were increasing as a result of environmental degradation, land scarcity and unequal distribution of government resources. Additionally, the Habyarimana government was sending aid money to his home town, further worsening the already ethnic tensions. This was an important factor in the

Womens college basketball, Rice Vs Tulan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Womens college basketball, Rice Vs Tulan - Essay Example Considering the fact that this game was the first one to be live broadcasted on cable TV, the organizers of the match tried their best to provide everything needed to ensure the safety and comfort of the viewers. The playground was decorated like the playgrounds for professional teams, there were lots of people who watched over to prevent any misunderstanding among the spectators. And, of course, no alcoholic drinks were allowed. Live broadcasting of this event will inevitably have positive impact on the overall wellness of the university sporting budget, as it can possibly attract sponsors, and head hunters who look for potential professional players in the college teams. College administration will get the resources needed to improve the sporting base, and motivate players and trainers for more effective work. As I've already noted, the college administration have spent lots of money for preparing the playground to this game. Nevertheless, they hope that their expenditures will be covered by the profits from advertising during the match. And, what is true, there were quite a lot of companies who agreed to pay Tulan for putting their advertisements on the playground. Live broadcasting have automatically transformed this match into an almost national event, as people all over the country could see it live. On the example of this game we can see the process of sports commercialization. College sport nowadays is a pre-school for many professional sportsman, but it is inevitably drives less attention than the professional sporting events. Nevertheless with each passing year the expenditures on college sports became grater, and more attention is driven to the contests between college basketball, baseball, swimming, and even soccer teams. In the case described there is the additional factor that increases the chances for popularity - players are female. It's well known, that despite the Title IX and all other measures, for many people women's sport is more of aesthetical value than of sporting one. This is the reason for which the Tulan basketball team may help its university increase the sporting budget, and become more popular. The girls from the Tulane College won. They were happy, no less than the NBL players after winning the last match in the season. I wish them luck, and I will watch their progress in future. 2. Wycombe v Chelsea, 10/01/07 This was the sporting event I watched on TV, an important soccer match for the Carling Cup semi-final in Britain. Soccer is very popular in the United Kingdom, and, despite of the fact, that this tournament wasn't the one of national importance, there were lots of viewers who gathered to watch it on the tribunes, and lots of people in different countries watched it broadcasted. Like most of the important sporting events, this match attracted the attention of numerous sponsors. There were lots of advertisements on the playround, before tha match, durng, and after it. The companies, who are interested in advertising their products to the specific audience (and those are mostly men, who are soccer-lovers) are ready to part